© 2021 JETIR May 2021, Volume 8, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2105324 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org c524 DYES TREATMENT USING DIFFERENT ENZYMES Akhil Gulla 1 , Pratima Gajbhiye 1 , Rudra Murthy 1 , Mark Lalduhawma 1 , Joycee Mwamba 1 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University-Phagwara, Punjab. Abstract : In this review paper it has been briefly summarized about the dyes treatment using different enzymes in textile industries. Various methods to treat these dyes like physical, chemical and biological processes. Finding out the most effective method and studying about it in deep. Different types of enzymes used and their mechanism towards the dye is explained. Future scope and area of research is also discussed. IndexTerms–dye treatment, enzymes treatment, waste water. I. INTRODUCTION The availability of fresh water has become a global crisis now. Due to the growth in the consumption of fresh water for the human activities has taken its toll over the years. Water bodies are still used as sinks for wastewater from industrial and domestic sources. Hence, in recent times, the need to freshen up the water resources has been gaining increasing attention. This has led to the development of different methods to return wastewater to its original source in the least toxic form possible, to make reutilization of water. [1].These processes and strategies may be jointly termed as ‘wastewater treatment’. In this review paper we will talk about the treatment of dyes from the textile industries prior to discharge into the surrounding aquatic systems by different methods and find out the most cost effective and conventional method Production of textiles is an important industrial activity carried out all around the world. And India is one of the top textile exporter countries. In the textile industry generally the processes involved are dry and wet, where wet processes are; fiber obtaining, bleaching, dyeing, finishing, etc. These processes consume huge amounts of water, which in return generates loads of waste matter containing a potent of various dissolved organic and inorganic solvents, suspended solids, several toxins that are harmful to the environment. The main reason for the contamination of water is the usage of emulsifiers, dispersing agents, salts, and dyes to enhance the quality of the fabric. Dyes are generally used in the textile industry to enhance the fabric quality. Synthetic dyes are chosen over natural dyes because of its superior performance. [2].When compared to natural dyes, synthetic dyes are more resistant to washing, they impart brighter colours, show better light fastness, and also synthetic dyes offer wide colour choices. So the textile industries release waters that are highly colored. 1.1 Classification of dyes Dyes used in fabric manufacturing are so complex they are designed to resist fading upon exposure to light, sweat, water, and other chemicals that show redox reactions. The amount and type of dyes utilized are dependent on the type of fabric used. Synthetic dyes are mostly chosen over natural dyes because they offer a wide range of colors .Dyes have been classified on the basis of their chemical groups, structure and color index and sub-classified as acid, cationic, disperse, direct, reactive, solvent, sulfur . The dyes with negative charge are acidic, which binds to the positive charge, examples are azo dyes, anthraquinone, triarylmethane. Basic dyes are positively charged and tend to bind with the opposite charges, examples of basic dyes are crystal violet, methyl blue, etc. There are some other dyes types like natural dyes, reactive dyes, vat dyes, disperse dyes, sulfur dyes, pigment dyes etc. But amongst these, acid and basic dyes are highly considered because of their wide applications. Dyes have chemical properties such as high solubility in water, covalent bond formation with substrates, permanent bright color and easy to operate in mild condition, which make them relatively more advantageous than the pigments [3]. Dye possesses color because they absorb light in the range 400–700 nm UV–visible spectrum. Such dye compounds are composed of chromophoric groups and auxochrome groups. The chromophoric groups such as anthraquinone, azo, formazan, triarylmethane, oxazine and phthalocyanine are directly associated through covalent bond (with π–π* and n–π* bond transitions) with fiber substrate (Mohammad 2005), while the auxochromes such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, sulphonic and amino group undergo only n–π* bond transitions and influence solubility of dye (Uday et al. 2016) [4]. . In the current industrial scenario, about >100,000 commercial dye compounds are available. Annually, approximately 7×105 tonnes of dye compounds are manufactured to be used in dying process (Das and Mishra 2017). Among all, the dyes belonging to azo, triarylmethane and anthraquinone are the largest chromophoric class of commercial colorants used in textile industries Table 1.Effluent characteristics in textile Industries [5] Main Processes Chemical Pollutants Sizing Starch, Wax, Carboxymethyl cellulose. High in BOD,COD Desizing Starch, wax, fats, pectins, Carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium hydroxide, Cotton wax Scouring, washing, desizing, Starch, greases, enzymes, fats, Organic load