International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-6, March 2020 2698 Retrieval Number: F8449038620/2020©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.F8449.038620 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for Early Breast Cancer Detection Manjot Kaur, Sonia Goyal Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women all over the world. It is the abnormal growth of breast tissues in multistage process. As the stage increases, the chances of treatment and probability of survival of patient decreases. Hence, early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer is must. Microwave imaging technique for early detection of breast cancer is a promising technique to detect tumor and it also have several advantages over other existing techniques for breast cancer detection, such as Breast Self-Examination (BSE), Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), Breast Ultrasound, Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Mammography and other breast screening methods. One of them is non-ionizing radiations. Other advantages include portability, inexpensive system and safe for human body. Microwave imaging employs microstrip patch antenna as its integral part, for transmitting and receiving microwaves. Microstrip patch antenna as name suggests is a low weight, smaller size antenna. Depending upon substrate material, microstrip patch antennas can be categorized as flexible and non-flexible antennas. Flexible microstrip patch antennas, mostly consisting of textile materials are becoming the preferred choice for most of the researchers. This paper presents recent trends in microstrip patch antenna design for early breast cancer detection and a comparison among them in terms of substrate, feeding techniques, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), E and H field, Return Loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and some other parameters. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Microwave Imaging, Textile Antenna, Wearable Antenna. I. INTRODUCTION Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and according to World Health Organization (WHO), it is accountable for most of deaths. Cancer is a name given to a large group of disease characterized by the growth of abnormal cells beyond their usual boundaries, in multistage process. These cells then can spread to other parts of body, causing the whole body to be affected. There are some of most common types of cancer: Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Colorectal, Prostate, Skin cancer, Stomach Cancer etc. A tumor can be divided into two categories, benign or malignant. Benign tumors are not cancerous. Malignant tumors are cancerous and can extend their growth to other body parts. When cancer spreads fully in any part of body or also to other parts, it becomes difficult to save the life of patient. Hence early detection is all important for the survival of patient. Revised Manuscript Received on March 11, 2020. * Correspondence Author Manjot Kaur*, Electronics and Communication Engineering department, Punjabi University, Patiala, India. Email: jotbrar1996.mk@gmail.com Dr. Sonia Goyal, Electronics and Communication Engineering department, Punjabi University, Patiala, India. Email: ergoyalsonia@gmail.com For current work, breast cancer, analysis of techniques to detect it and microwave imaging as an emerging method for early breast cancer detection, is considered. This paper presents the survey of different breast cancer imaging techniques, advantages of microwave imaging over these techniques, then wearable and non-wearable microstrip patch antennas for biomedical applications and for breast cancer detection. II. BREAST CANCER Breast cancer is one of the most common death causing cancer among women all over the world. The term “breast cancer” defines a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. With time, cancerous cells can occupy nearby healthy breast tissue and make their way into the underarm lymph node. Once they get into the lymph nodes, then they have a pathway into other parts of the body. There are four stages of breast cancer. The breast cancer stage states how much the cancer cells have spread beyond the original tumor. Chances of cure and survival decreases as stage of cancer increases from 1 st to 4 th . At 4 th stage cancer spread beyond the breast and to other parts of body, most commonly it goes lungs, bones and it also spreads to brain. Therefore, early detection of breast cancer is indispensable for fast cure and survival of patient. III. BREAST CANCER DETECTION TECHNIQUES The cancer imaging technique is decisive or crucial for early breast cancer detection. There are several cancer imaging techniques that are currently in use such as Breast Self- Examination (BSE) and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), Breast Ultrasound, Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Mammography and other breast screening methods. However, these techniques are currently in use, but still have some weaknesses. PET is not effective for primary tumor detection. Mammography is considered as gold standard for breast screening, but it is ineffective in younger women and for those with dense breasts. X-Rays causes breakage of human body cells and tissues, magnetic rays involved in MRI has poor imaging capabilities for superficial soft tissues[1],[2]. Mammography involves ionizing radiations and has slow imaging time and is non- portable [2]. From comparative analysis of above-mentioned techniques presented in [2], advantages and limitations are shown in following Table 1[2]. IV. MICROWAVE IMAGING Microwave Imaging (MI) to detect breast tumor is a promising method to overcome the issues with techniques mentioned in section III.