Corresponding author: Henrrietta Ogadimma Nnadi
Biomedical Technology Option, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0.
Nutraceutical from Moringa olerifera Protect against Cadmium Chloride-Induced
Hypertension in Albino Rats
Henrrietta Ogadimma Nnadi
1, *
and Vincent Ugochukwu Igbokwe
2
1
Biomedical Technology Option, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State,
Nigeria.
2
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022, 04(01), 057–067
Publication history: Received on 01 January 2022; revised on 06 February 2022; accepted on 08 February 2022
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2022.4.1.0023
Abstract
Moringa oleifera like many other plants possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging property, which could be helpful
in reducing the oxidative stress caused by cadmium chloride, maintaining the antioxidant potential and significantly
reducing elevated electrolytes and serum biomarker values in the rats. This study was designed to evaluate the
nutraceuticals from Moringa oleifera and its protective ability against cadmium chloride-induced hypertension in albino
rats. Rats were induced with cadmium chloride to elicit hypertension. The study was a total number of 50 rats grouped
in five different groups of 10 per group; the Control Group, Hypertensive Group, Standard group, methanol group and
n-hexane group. Biochemical analysis was done on renal function and liver biomarkers by spectrophotometry method
of analysis. Standard methods were used to estimate the serum Urea and Creatinine, Electrolyte and Calcium. Aspartate
Transaminase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alanine Phosphatase (ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin.
One way ANOVA was used for analysis of the collected data and was expressed as Mean ± SEM. The result of
Hypertensive group showed significant increase in sodium level (p< 0.05) and chloridr when compared with Control
and other test groups. There was significant decrease in Sodium level of Standard drug, methanol Moringa and n-hexane
Moringa oleifera groups when compared with the hypertensive Control. Moringa oleifera study groups exhibited
significant decrease in Total bilirubin and Conjugated Bilirubin values. The liver and kidney tissues showed distorted
patchy necrotic areas on the Hypertensive groups while Standard and Test groups showed normal histological cells or.
The cardiac tissue did not show any sign, may suggest that cadmium is mainly accumulated in kidneys and liver, not in
the heart or cardiac tissues or cells.
The study findings suggest that Moringa oleifera possesses some nutraceuticals capable of protection against
hypertension.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera; Cadmium chloride; Hypertension; Nutraceutical; Rats
1. Introduction
Abundant polyphenols from natural compound possess intense antioxidant effects and can reduce oxidative damage in
tissues by removing free radical [1; 2; 3; 4]. Moringa oleifera has antioxidant activity due to its abundant content of high
bioactive polyphenols [5; 6). There are strong antioxidant activities in Moringa oleifera extracts from tender to mature
leaves against free radicals which prevent oxidative damage due to the enrichment of polyphenols [5]. A recent study
reported that Moringa oleifera decreased vascular oxidation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Moringa oleifera is a
rich source of various natural bioactive compounds that is known to assist in maintenance of human health and