FMEJ 7;4 mums.ac.ir/j-fmej December 23, 2017 صFUTURE of MEDICAL EDUCATION JOURNAL Azar Moradi 1,2 , Kalil Kimiafar 3 , Parviz Marouzi 3 , Shiva Alizadeh 4 , Javad Heravian *,1,2 1 Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2 Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3 Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4 Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & midwifery, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Department of Optometry School of Paramedical Science Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Azadi Square Mashhad, 9177948964, Iran Tel:+9851 38846710 Fax: +985138846728 Email: heraviansj@mums.ac.ir ORIGINAL ARTICLE Attitude of Optometry Students towards Their Field of Study and Job Prospects ﻣﻠﺨﺺ: اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﮥ واﻟﻬﺪف: ﺑﺸﮑﻞ ﻋﺎم، اﻟﻔﻬﻢ واﻟﺮﻏﺒﮥ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺘﺼﺮف ﻧﺤﻮ ﺷﯽء ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﯾﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﯽء. ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﻔﺮدﯾﮥ ﻓﯽ ﻓﺘﺮات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﮥ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻟﺘﺘﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﻬﺎ. واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺘﯽ ﻟﺪﯾﻬﺎ أﮐﺒﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻓﯽ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ واﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻫﯽ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ . اﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﮥ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻃﻼب اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺎت ﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﺠﺎل دراﺳﺘﻬﻢ. اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﮥ: أﺟﺮ ﯾﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﮥ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻔﯿﮥ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠﯿﮥ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﯿﮥ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻄﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻃﻼب اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺎت ﻓﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﮥ وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮥ اﻟﺘﻌﺪاد ﻓﯽ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺪراﺳﯽ2016 - 2017 . وﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﯿﻨﮥ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺪدﻫﻢ88 ، ﻟﻢ ﯾﺠﺐً ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻹﺳﺘﺒﯿﺎن. وﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع، ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻣﻦ86 ﺷﺨﺺ. ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚً وﮐﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮥ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ إﺳﺘﺒﯿﺎن ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﯿﺎس ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ذوً اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﯿﮥ واﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﮥ. ﺗﻢ إﻋﺪاد ﺳﺆﻻت اﻹﺳﺘﺒﯿﺎن وﻓﻘﺎ اﻹﺧﺘﯿﺎرات اﻟﺜﻼﺛﮥ. ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﯽSPSS ﻧﺴﺨﮥ22 وﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺼﺎء اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﺘﺮددات واﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ) ﮐﻠﻤﻮﻏﺮاف) واﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ( واﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺎري- .( اﺳﻤﯿﺮﻧﻮف اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ: ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ وإﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر درﺟﮥ اﻟﻄﻼب ﻟﻔﺮﻋﻬﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﯽ ﻫﻮ0,319 ± 2,35 وﮐﺎن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﮥ ﻧﻈﺮة اﻟﻄﻼب ﻓﯽ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺪراﺳﮥ ﻣﻊ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل95 % ﺑﯿﻦ2,05 و2,65 ﻣﻦ) 3 ، ﮐﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨً ، إﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺎ( ، اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂً. أﯾﻀﺎً ﻈﺮة ﺗﺠﺎه ﻓﺮع اﻟﺪراﺳﮥ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺎ واﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺎري ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻄﻼب ﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻮ319 ., ± 2,45 ﺣﯿﺚ أن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﮥ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻄﻼب ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﮥ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ إﺣﺘﻤﺎل95 % ﺑﯿﻦ2,44 و2,66 وﯾﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯽ ﻟﻠﻄﻼب ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ. ﻓﯽ دراﺳﮥﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﮑﻠﯽّ ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯿﮥ ﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﮥ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ، ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﮥ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﯿ ﻟﻠﻄﻼب ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﮥ ﻟﻔﺮﻋﻬﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﯽ ﺑﺪرﺟﮥ ﻣﻦ1 إﻟﻰ10 ، ﮐﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﮥ8 . اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﮥ: ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، أﮐﺜﺮ اﻟﻄﻼب ﻟﺪﯾﻬﻢ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖً وﻓﻘﺎ ﺑﻔﺮﻋﻬﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﯽ. وﯾﻤﮑﻦ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ ﺻ ﺎﻧﻌﯽ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺎت أﮐﺜﺮ واﻗﻌﯿﮥ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺘﻢ إﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﻌﺰز اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟﻤﻬﻨﯿﮥ واﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﮥ واﻟﺘﺤﻔﯿﺰﯾﮥ ﻟﻠﻄﻼب ﻓﯽ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل. ﮐﻠﻤﺎت دﻟﯿﻠﯿﮥ: ﻃﻼب، ﻧﻈﺮة، ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ، ﺑﺼﺮﯾﺎت دراﺳﮥ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻃﻼب اﻟﺮؤﯾﮥ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﮥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﮥ ﻟﻔﺮﻋﻬﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﯽ وﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﯽ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺪراﺳﯽ2016 - 2017 او اس اور اس رے : " # $" " %& '( ) *+,- ۔ ا" # / *+,- 01۔ ز" 3" ر341 ظ64 ل8 اور ز 9# :8 ' ا;6 :'۔" :8 <4= وہ$" 341 ) ر= دی, ت'( ن ا اور ,) ا ء/= یD D)ٓ ا 9,% F' فٓ اDر' 1HI ۔اس" 0J م دیL اJ4 ,# ( رے /;3 :: وراI) ,) ا ء/= MN اH اب# ,4ا ء/= ف دوP اور *- :'L D'۔ ڈM 0J ی1, :# در ں4ا S Fٹ اF$%UV۔% د۔ فاف ا ر اور9% 9' ا9' ا) ' ا:L3 رے /;3 :: وراI) ,) اور ا ,) ا /= W: اF M ر/ دس اس اM ;6 X%) اYM4 M رHZ ا ( */W ۔J P8 / [Nٓ ا م 9# M J ت:-ر\ 3 :: وراI) اور ,) ا ء/= یD D)ٓ : اF /; اس : داروں ذ اور ا اYM4 M رHZ ا ( */W رے ء/= ^# F, ں4) ': ا " :# ) _%3 ;6 ۔ *'; ت6 P8 ں اوررH :: وراI) ظ:\4ی ا1 ،( ،یD D)ٓ ا۔/;3 ،:: وراI) ء/= یDD)ٓ ا رے /;3 :: وراI) ,) اور ا ,) ا۔( M 0J م دیL ا ہ3 :4 ار" دو;6 :' زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﺰ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ را ﻧﮕﺮش ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آن ﭼﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ. ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮد در دوران ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻃﺮاﻓﺶ دﺳﺘﺨﻮش ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش و ﻋﻼﻗﻪ درآن روي ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ دوران داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ.اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄ ﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﭘﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﺧﻮد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ– ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﺮ روي ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﭘﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ در ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎري، در ﻧﯿﻤﺴﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ96 - 1395 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ88 ﻧﻔﺮ،2 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻧﺪادﻧﺪ. و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع از86 ﻧﻔﺮ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻤﻊ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ و رواﯾﯽ آن آوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روش ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﺳﻮاﻻت ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣ ﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺳﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ اي ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﻧﻤﺮه ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارspss ورژن22 ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ) و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽﮐﻠﻤﻮﮔﺮاف) و آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ( واﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر– ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.( اﺳﻤﯿﺮﻧﻮف ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻧﻤﺮه ي ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ0,319±2,35 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل95 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ2,05 ﺗﺎ2,65 از) 3 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري ﻧﮕﺮش ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ي( ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ آﯾﻨﺪ ه ي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ319 ., ±2,45 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن در ﻣﻮرد آﯾﻨﺪه ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل95 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ2,24 ﺗﺎ2,66 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن را ﺑﻪ آﯾﻨﺪه ي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻠﻮت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻤﺮه ي ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮاﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮐﻠﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾ ﺎن را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯿﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺳﻨﺠﺪ از ﻧﻤﺮه ي1 ﺗﺎ10 ، ﻧﻤﺮه8 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﺧﻮد، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاران اﯾﻦ رﺷﺘﻪ را واﻗﻊ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺮ ﮐﺮده ﺗﺎ روش ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺗ و اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي ﺨﺎذ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي، ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﯾﻦ رﺷﺘﻪ را ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺒﺮد. ﮐﻠﯿﺪ واژه ﻫﺎ: داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن، ﻧﮕﺮش، آﻣﻮزش، اﭘﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﭘﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي آﯾﻨﺪه ﺷﻐﻠﯽ درﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ96 - 1395 20 Background and Objective: In general, understanding and willingness to act toward a certain thing is called the attitude toward that thing. Individuals’ attitudes change in different periods of life according to their environment. One of the stages of life that has the most change of attitude and interest is the period of studying. This research was conducted to survey the attitude of optometric students about their field of study. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on all optometric undergraduate students at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using a census method in the academic year of 2016- 2017. Of the total of 88 students, 2 of them did not respond to the questionnaire. The data on a total of 86 people were gathered. The data gathering method was a questionnaire which had been evaluated for reliability and validity. Questionnaire questions were scored based on three-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and analytical test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Results: The mean and standard deviation of students' attitude to their academic field was 2.35±0.319. The mean score of students' attitude to the field of study with a probability of 95% was between 2.05 and 2.65 (out of 3); therefore, attitude towards the academic field was statistically positive. Also, the mean and standard deviation of students' attitudes toward job prospects was 2.45±0.319. The mean of the student's attitude towards job prospects with a probability of 95% was between 2.24 and 2.66, indicating a positive attitude of the students towards their job prospects. In a pilot study of the meaning of the student's attitude score, in response to a question surveying their attitude towards their field of study scoring from 1 to 10, a score of 8 was obtained. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the majority of students had a positive attitude towards their academic field. These results can make the policy makers' attitudes more realistic to develop methods that enhance the professional, scientific and motivation of these students. Keywords: Students, attitude, education, optometry