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Chapter 1
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2659-9.ch001
ABSTRACT
Urban theory has been dominated by the accumulation of social theories and has signifcant impact
on global urbanization. The urban is becoming more complex and more global due to the contesting
technological, political, social, economic and environmental forces. These disciplinary forces may be
added to the global shifts in population and political power from rural to urban and from the developed
to the developing nations, creating new global challenges. To cope with these challenges, the prevailing
urban theories need a shift. By critically revisiting urban theories and testing them against emerging
challenges, this chapter is advocating for and pointing to a new direction. The chapter revisits urban
sociological theories, those global theories advocating planetary urbanization, the models responding
to glocal forces as well as those promoting world systems. This is followed by an outline of the proposal
for Activity Theoretical Framework. Possible future research direction for the inclusive and universal
urbanization is identifed.
1. INTRODUCTION
In this Information Age, there is a pressing need to revisit urban theories that were the abstraction of the
conditions of cities in the early Industrial Age. Most of the classical urban sociological theories emerged
from the experiences of the industrial revolution in Europe and USA cities. The ecological urban theory
of the Chicago School is an important example (Tonkiss 2005). Similarly, the theories of urban and
regional spatial structure have been influenced by ideas of the garden city (Howard, 2016), from which
new towns theory emerged (LeGates, 2004). From their European and American roots, these theories
Revisiting Urban Theories:
Their Impacts on the Developing
World’s Urbanization
Umar Benna
Benna Associates, Nigeria
Indo Benna
Mohammad Al-Mana College of Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia