This article presents a case application applying Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR) in trauma work. An overview of the theoretical model will be
presented, and examples from a hypothetical case will illustrate how this approach can
be effective in minimizing the maladaptive and negative reactions from recent trauma
experiences such as the World Trade Center mass murders of September 11, 2001. [Brief
Treatment and Crisis Intervention 2:49–53 (2002)]
KEY WORDS: trauma, grief work, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing,
rapid eye movement.
Ralph is a 21-year-old college senior whose uncle
is missing and presumed dead, as a result of the
World Trade Center tragedy. Ralph was very close
to his uncle and his family, and had spent a lot of
time visiting with them since he came to New York
to attend college. The rest of Ralph’s family live in
another state, and Ralph has limited contact with
them except by phone. During the immediate weeks
after the tragedy, Ralph was very supportive and
stayed with his aunt and 9-year-old cousin, help-
ing with their immediate, crisis needs. Since re-
turning to school, Ralph has been experiencing
difficulties in returning to his normal schedule. He
has missed 3 weeks of classes, can’t sleep at night,
Case Application of EMDR in Trauma Work
Karen Knox, PhD
and is anxious about his grades and graduation.
Having watched the media coverage constantly
since the terrorist attacks, Ralph has had intru-
sive thoughts and nightmares from the images on
the television of the collapse of the towers and the
aftermath of the rescue and recovery efforts. He
has been overwhelmed emotionally by his exposure
to the visual realities of the tragedy, and has shut
down physically by withdrawing and isolating
himself. Ralph has come to the college counseling
center on referral from his academic counselor;
however, he is unable to verbalize much due to his
depressed mood and trauma reactions.
Crisis Reactions
Crisis theory postulates that most crisis situa-
tions are limited to a period of 4 to 6 weeks
(Golan, 1978; Hepworth, Rooney, & Larsen, 1997;
From the School of Social Work at Southwest Texas State
University in San Marcos, Texas.
Contact author: Karen Knox, PhD, 1619 Waterston Av-
enue, Austin, TX 78703. E-mail: kk07@swt.edu.
© 2002 Oxford University Press
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