174 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Musa KO et al. Trends in Ophthalmology Open Access Journal Research Article Pattern of Congenital Ocular Anomalies among Children Seen at a West African Tertiary Eye Care Centre Kareem Olatunbosun Musa 1 *, Sefinat Abiola Agboola 2 , Olapeju Ajoke Sam-Oyerinde 2 , Salimot Tolani Salako 2 , Chinwendu Nwanyieze Kuku 2 , Chinyei Joan Uzoma 2 1 Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital/ College of Medicine of the University of Lagos 2 Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos *Corresponding author: Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital/ College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos Received: December 21, 2019 Published: January 10, 2020 Abstract Purpose: To describe the pattern of presentation of congenital ocular anomalies among children seen at Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective chart review of children below the age of 16 years who were diagnosed of any type of congenital ocular anomaly at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) between January, 2012 and December, 2018 was done. Information concerning age at presentation, gender, affected eye(s), visual acuity and type of congenital anomaly were retrieved from the case files. Results: Seven hundred and forty-five eyes of 470 patients with congenital anomalies which constituted 13.6% of all the new pediatric ophthalmic consultations were studied. Two hundred and seventy-five (58.5%) children had bilateral ocular involvement while 262 (55.7%) presented within the first year of life. The median age was 0.92 years with an interquartile range of 2.67 years. There were 255 (54.5%) males with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Congenital cataract was the most common congenital ocular anomaly documented in 224 (30.1%) eyes of 133 patients. This was followed by congenital squint (131 eyes, 17.6%), congenital glaucoma (91 eyes, 12.2%) and corneal opacity (52 eyes, 7.0%). Overall, cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction and ptosis accounted for 79.0% of the congenital ocular anomalies documented in this study. Conclusion: Congenital ocular anomalies accounted for 13.6% of Paediatric ophthalmic consultations in this study. Congenital cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction and ptosis were the most common congenital ocular anomalies observed. Keywords: Congenital Ocular Anomalies; Children; West African; Tertiary Eye Care ISSN: 2644-1209 DOI: 10.32474/TOOAJ.2020.02.000144 Introduction Congenital anomalies are structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth, or sometimes may only be detected later in infancy [1]. Congenital ocular anomalies contribute significantly to childhood visual impairment and blindness [2,3]. Some of these anomalies have only cosmetic significance while others cause no symptoms and may be an incidental finding [3]. They may occur in isolation, in combination, or as part of a systemic malformation syndrome [4]. The aetiology of congenital ocular anomalies may be genetic, environmental or more commonly, idiopathic [4]. Globally, the pattern of congenital ocular anomalies varies from region to region. Congenital cataract and glaucoma had been reported to be the most common anomalies in developing countries [2-8] while anophthalmos, microphthalmos and coloboma are predominant in developed nations [9]. Severe visual loss arising from some of these ocular anomalies in early childhood could adversely affect their development, mobility, education, social life and employment opportunities [2]. In addition, accompanying parents and/or care givers lose valuable time and resources seeking interventions for these children. It is therefore imperative that they are better characterized in order to aid appropriate intervention strategy and resource allocation. Therefore, this study sought to describe