Proceedings of the 2014 Winter Simulation Conference
A. Tolk, S. Y. Diallo, I. O. Ryzhov, L. Yilmaz, S. Buckley, and J. A. Miller, eds.
ENERGY AND INDOOR COMFORT ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS WINDOW-SHADING
ASSEMBLIES INA HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
Adeeba Abdul Raheem
Raja R. A. Issa
Svetlana Olbina
M.E. Rinker School of Construction Management,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
ABSTRACT
Commercial buildings consume nearly 20% of all energy used in the United States, costing more than
$200 billion each year. The building envelope plays a key role in determining how much energy is
required for the operation of a building. Individual thermal and solar properties of glazing and shading
systems only provide information based on static evaluations, but it is very important to assess the
efficiency of these systems as a whole assembly under the site specific conditions. With an ever
increasing cooling energy demand of buildings in hot and humid climates like in Florida, using a well-
designed window-shading system is considered as an efficient strategy that minimizes the direct sunlight
reaching indoors and thus reduces the overall energy loads. While reduction in energy loads is important,
the indoor comfort of occupants should not be compromised. This research was conducted to analyze the
indoor thermal and visual performance of various window-shading assemblies that were selected after
their energy performance evaluation.
1 INTRODUCTION
Florida has become the nation’s fourth largest commercial energy consuming state utilizing about a
thousand trillion BTU’s in commercial consumption and having a gross expenditure of over ten billion
dollars per year in this sector (EIA 2010). Of the total energy that Florida produces per year, more than
90% comes from non–renewable sources like coal and gas contributing 4.8 million metric tons of energy
related carbon-dioxide emissions from the commercial sector to the total emissions per year. In an effort
to decrease the carbon footprint of this high commercial energy consumption, more stringent rules have
been defined for envelope design in Florida Building Code Energy Conservation (FBC 2010). Much of
the emphasis is given to the window to wall ratio, U-factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of
window glass and frame type while describing the energy efficient window strategies in section 502
(Building envelope requirements) of FBC 2010. Though there is a great potential for the advanced
window systems such as switchable electrochromic or gasochromic windows in reducing the overall
energy loads, still widespread use is unlikely to occur in the near future due to high initial cost and lack of
technical expertise. Hence other related options such as automated shading systems could be deployed
while still satisfying the thermal and daylighting requirements of the occupants.
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