1 1 A research agenda for the future of urban water 2 management: Exploring the potential of non-grid, 3 small-grid, and hybrid solutions 4 Sabine Hoffmann*†, Ulrike Feldmann†, Peter M. Bach†,‡,§, 5 Christian Binz†,±, Megan Farrelly#, Niki Frantzeskaki¥,||, 6 Harald Hiessl⤒, Jennifer Inauen†,⥉, Tove A. Larsen†, Judit 7 Lienert†, Jörg Londong⇞, Christoph Lüthi†, Max Maurer†,‡, 8 Cynthia Mitchell†,⧚ , Eberhard Morgenroth†,‡, Kara L. Nelson☥, 9 Lisa Scholten⥣, Bernhard Truffer†,⇈, Kai M. Udert†,‡ 10 † Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and 11 Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 12 ‡ ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 13 Zürich, Switzerland 14 § Monash Water for Liveability, Department of Civil 15 Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia 16 ± Circle, Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in 17 the Learning Economy, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden 18 # School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 19 VIC, Australia 20 ¥ Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of 21 Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia Page 1 of 42 ACS Paragon Plus Environment Environmental Science & Technology This document is the accepted manuscript version of the following article: Hoffmann, S., Feldmann, U., Bach, P. M., Binz, C., Farrelly, M., Frantzeskaki, N., … Udert, K. M. (2020). A research agenda for the future of urban water management: exploring the potential of non-grid, small-grid, and hybrid solutions. Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05222