Vol.8 (2018) No. 1 ISSN: 2088-5334 New Record Species of Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from West Sumatra based on Cytochrome Oxidase1Gene Dewi Imelda Roesma # , Djong Hon Tjong # , Warnety Munir # , Dyta Rabbani Aidil # # Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Indonesia E-mail: dewi_roesma@yahoo.com Abstract— Biodiversity study on Puntius has been conducted in West Sumatera using a molecular technique. From the genetic analysis using the sequence of CO1 gene, the study discovered: (1) A new record species of Puntius in Diatas Lake, Batang Lembang, Batang Gumanti, Muara Pingai rivers (located in the eastern part of the Bukit Barisan mountain range) which is Barbodes binotatus banksi or B. banksi. (2). A new record of subspecies in Maninjau Lake and its tributary (located in the western part of the Bukit Barisan mountain range) which is Barbodes banksi maninjau. (3) A new record of subspecies in Batang Kuranji, Batang Katik, Batang Tarok and Lubuk Paraku rivers (located in the western part of the Bukit Barisan mountain range) which is Barbodes banksi kuranji. The results of this study add the evidence that the presence of Bukit Barisan mountain range in Sumatra Island contributed to genetic diversity, evolutionary process and speciation mechanism of freshwater fish in Sumatra. It is important to pay attention to the development of district or area in Sumatra. Keywords— biodiversity; CO1 gene; Puntius; Barbodes I. INTRODUCTION The genus of Puntius in the Indonesia waters consists of 19 species [1].The generic name of Puntius was made familiar by Hamilton in 1822. Later several synonym names like Barbonymus, Barbus, Barbodes, Systomus, Capoeta, and Hypsibarbus, have used by researchers as the generic names although these have not been accepted [2], [3], [ 4]. The genus Puntius contained some 120 valid species and suspected to be polyphyletic [5]. It is commonly known as Silver Barb or Spotted Barb and one of the most important commercial fish for food and freshwater-aquarium [6], [7]. P. binotatus, the most widely distributed and perhaps most variable species of Puntius in Southeast Asia [8]. It is a native fish of Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan waters. P. binotatus is a benthopelagic species that occur live in medium to large rivers at an altitude of 0-2000 meters above sea level [4]. In the IUCN Red List, this species with Barbodes binotatus as the synonym name assessed as Least Concern due to its wide distribution, ability to occupy some habitats and the lack of any known major widespread threats [9], [10]. Morphological study of P.cf. binotatus from several locations in West Sumatra showed that there were differences in morphological characters between samples from the highlands, middle and lowlands [10]. The results of the analysis on P.cf. binotatus in West Sumatra using the cytochrome b gene estimated that there are cryptic species among them (Roesma, 2017 unpublished). To explore the taxonomy of P.cf. binotatus in West Sumatera and others locations, an analysis was performed using the Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. Here, we used COI DNA sequences to associate field collected fish of P. cf. binotatus with other that have been obtained by others authors. The barcode region of the COI gene chosen, as it is a conserved region of the gene and there is already information for its use [11]. This particular part of DNA has been shown to be very good for separating specimens at a species level, even when there is cryptic morphology [12], [13], [14]. Which is no less important is that it already exists an international Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL), and data collected by various collaborators deposited in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) system [15]. The data serves as a useful reference library to further identify to a particular species. It emphasized that the DNA barcode sequences are allowing us to diagnose taxa through phylogenetic analysis [16]. There were two primary goals of this study. The first to analyse the genetic relationships in Puntius in West Sumatra and the second to collect the barcoding data of Cyprinids from Sumatra. 250