Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 30 (5) (2016) 2011~2017 www.springerlink.com/content/1738-494x(Print)/1976-3824(Online) DOI 10.1007/s12206-016-0407-z Characterization of carbonaceous particulate matter emitted from marine diesel engine † Jae-Hyuk Choi 1 , Ik-soon Cho 2 , Jang Se Lee 3 , Sang-Kyun Park 4 , Won-Ju Lee 5 , Hwajin Kim 6 , Hye Jung Chang 6 , Jin Young Kim 6 , Seongcheol Jeong 6 and Seul-Hyun Park 7,* 1 Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea 2 Department of Ship Operation, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea 3 Division of Information Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea 4 Division of Marine Information Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea 5 Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology, Busan 49111, Korea 6 Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea 7 Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea (Manuscript Received July 15, 2015; Revised January 27, 2016; Accepted February 1, 2016) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract In an effort to aid the Korean ship-building industry to effectively respond to the upcoming environmental regulations, a series of ex- perimental campaigns to characterize carbonaceous Particulate matters (PMs) emitted from a cruising marine ship have been carried out. To this end, the carbonaceous PMs emitted from two-stroke marine-diesel engines burning Bunker B (Low residual fuel oil, LRFO 3%) were sampled on-board at various locations: 1) After the turbo charger (TC), 2) before the economizer (ECO), 3) after the economizer, and 4) in the funnel of the chimney. Sampled carbonaceous PM particles were then analyzed using a High-resolution transmission elec- tron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Results obtained from the analysis of HRTEM images and Raman spectra indicate that carbonaceous PMs are mainly fractionated into Black carbon (BC) and Organic carbon (OC), respectively and the each fraction of sampled carbonaceous PMs varies with engine operation conditions and exhaust gas temperatures at the sampling location. The present work is anticipated to provide a useful set of information for characterizing carbonaceous PMs emitted from marine diesel engines. Keywords: Black carbon (BC); Marine ship; Organic carbon (OC); Particulate matter (PM); High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); Raman spectroscopy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction Since soot is comprised of mostly carbon, it is generally ac- cepted as carbonaceous Particulate matter (PM) in combustion research communities. However, due to its complicated nature in chemical compositions, the classification of soot differs depending on the intention of the practitioners. In many envi- ronmental practices, soot (or carbonaceous PM) is fractionated into Black carbon (BC) or Organic carbon (OC). Once soot is sampled, the sample is heated to a high temperature (typically ranging from 500 to 550°C) for a sufficiently long time to evaporate the volatiles [1]. The residual carbonaceous matter is often called Elemental carbon (EC). In the current BC/OC inventory, the measured EC is treated as BC and the other sooty material that was evaporated is treated as OC. However, it is important to note that the BC/OC inventory measured in this manner usually do not involve any direct optical meas- urement of carbonaceous particulate matter. An alternative classification is related with the distinction between black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC), where BrC possesses a much lesser radiation emissivity [2]. In terms of optical prop- erties (i.e., radiation emissivity or absorptivity) there is also no definite threshold between BC and BrC. BC as a part of carbonaceous particulate matter is typically emitted through the incomplete combustion process and con- sidered to be an important Short-lived climate forcing (SLCF) substance. BC released to atmosphere absorbs the light and radiates it back to the surrounding atmosphere and thus affects the global climate through the following effects [3, 4]: (1) Direct effect: BC absorbs the light from the sun as well as from the surface of earth and radiates it back to the atmos- phere, warming the surrounding atmosphere as well as the planet. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 62 230 7174, Fax.: +82 62 230 7171 E-mail address: isaac@chosun.ac.kr † Recommended by Associate Editor Jeong Park © KSME & Springer 2016