I.J. Wireless and Microwave Technologies, 2021, 2, 39-45
Published Online April 2021 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/)
DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2021.02.05
Copyright © 2021 MECS I.J. Wireless and Microwave Technologies, 2021, 2, 39-45
A Proposal for Detection of Underground Water
Contamination via Multilayer Reflection
Approach
Murat Koray Akkaya
1,2
, Asım Egemen Yilmaz
2
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
2
ASELSAN INC., Ankara, Turkey
Email:korayakkaya71@gmail.com, aeyilmaz@eng.ankara.edu.tr
Received: 05 January 2021; Accepted: 12 March 2021; Published: 08 April 2021
Abstract: Contamination and degradation in the quality of the fresh water under the ground is one of the major
problems of our world. Water quality on the other hand, determined by the physical, chemical and biological
compounds in the water. TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, metabolic wastes, toxic
compounds and conductivity are some of the major indicators of the water quality. These items are sometimes
correlated and any increase in one factor may decrease/increase other factors as well. The aim of this work is to develop
an idea about the contamination due to chemicals dissolved or biological anomalies in the water. Mainly the indicator of
this change has been examined by the change in the conductivity parameter, which is a major electrical property that
affects the Electromagnetic reflectivity of the surface ground.
Index Terms: Multilayer Reflection, contamination, conductivity
1. Introduction
Underground water layer quality has crucial importance for the public health [1]. Studies has been carried on this
subject, especially in biology, chemical and environmental sciences [2]. In this study, we modeled the geographic
structure which is composed of water and soil, as a multilayer structure and by observing changes in the conductivity,
and made a proposal for the purity level of the water. In Fig. 1, relation between the conductivity and water quality
which is the major motivation of this study, is given [3].
Fig. 1. Water classification vs conductivity, factors that affect water quality
There are several indicators about the water quality other than conductivity; Total Dissolved Solids (TSD),
temperature, pH level, toxic compounds, dissolved oxygen (which indicates amount of organic compounds in unit
volume), and salinity are some of these [4]. TSD among these, one of the most commonly used solution for this
problem, which indicates parts per million (ppm) in mg per unit volume. This scale presents a range from distilled water