Journal of Information Technology Research, 5(3), 25-45, July-September 2012 25
Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
Keywords: Defender Strategy, Robot Soccer, Robotics, State Algorithm, Strategy Role
1. INTRODUCTION
Robot soccer is a challenging platform for
multi-agent research that involves topics such
as real-time image processing and control.
Robot soccer was introduced in 1994 with
a theoretical background to develop multi-
robot adaptive, co-operative and autonomous
systems that can solve common tasks (Kim &
Shim 1997). Furthermore robot soccer is a rich
Adaptive Robot Soccer Defence
Strategy via Behavioural Trail
Awang Hendrianto-Pratomo, Center for Artifcial Intelligence Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, & University Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Anton Satria Prabuwono, Center for Artifcial Intelligence Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah, Center for Artifcial Intelligence Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Mohammad Faidzul Nasrudin, Center for Artifcial Intelligence Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Muhamad Syafq Shohaimi, Center for Artifcial Intelligence Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Teddy Mantoro,Advanced Informatics School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Robot soccer is a challenging platform for multi-agent research, involving topics such as real-time image
processing and control. A team of robots must work together to put the ball in the opponent’s goal while at
the same time defending their own goal. A good strategy for the robot defenders can determine who wins
the robotic soccer game. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose a strategy for the defenders using a
production rule based on state diagrams. The rule can facilitate easy and rapid comprehension of certain
behaviors with respect to two indicators, such as condition and action. The authors determine fve key aspects
as conditions, including the positions of two defender robots, the position of the goalkeeper and the ball, and
coordination between two defender robots and the goalkeeper robot. Each robot has been set its own defence
area and specifc actions. They conducted three experiments namely simulator testing, real time testing, and
ping pong testing to evaluate their proposed defence strategy. The experimental results show that the authors’
proposed strategy versus three state of the art strategies can defeat up to 92% of all types of attack modes.
Meanwhile, in the ping pong testing, their proposed strategy can still protect any goal entering from different
attacking modes even though only one or two robots are active in the defence area.
DOI: 10.4018/jitr.2012070102