JBiopest 11(2): 114-120 (2018) Trap crop and mycorrhizae against leafminer
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Integrated management of leaf miners Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
on shallot crops by trap cropping system and arbuscular mycorrhizae
Shahabuddin Saleh*, Alam Anshary and Usman Made
ABSTRACT
Integrated pest management (IPM) has been recognized as the best solution to
minimize the adverse effects of insecticides applied to farmland. This study aims to
evaluate the effectiveness of the trapping crop system (TCS) and arbuscular
mycorrhizae (AM) against leaf miner, an important horticultural pest throughout the
world including on shallot crops in Indonesia. In a factorial research design, cucumbers
use in TCS was planted in three different pattern: one rows in the center; TC1, two
rows in the middle; TC2, and one-row surroundings the shallot; TC3, while AM
consists of two levels that are with (M1) and without AM (M2) application. The
variables measured were: population and infestation of leaf miners as well as
parasitism at the main and trap crops. The results showed that the leaf miners
population was significantly reduced by TCS application but had no relation with AM.
The leaf miners population decreased by about 40.1% at the TCS compared with the
controls. However, the combination of TCS and AM reduced the leaf miner infestation
by about 47.5% where TC3M1 showed the best treatment against leaf miners.
Increasing of the parasitoids population and parasitism at the shallot and cucumbers as
trap crops as well as the shallot resistance against leaf miner may explain the
compatibility of TCS and MA to manage the pest. The study denoted the importance of
IPM against shallot leaf miners to support sustainable farming system.
Keywords: Sustainable management, leaf miners, shallot, natural enemies
MS History: 01.10.2018 (Received)-10.10.2018 (Revised)-23.11.2018 (Accepted).
Citation: Shahabuddin Saleh, Alam Anshary and Usman Made. 2018. Integrated management of
leaf miners Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on shallot crops by trap cropping system and
arbuscular mycorrhizae. Journal of Biopesticides, 11(2): 114-120.
INTRODUCTION
Efforts to reduce yield losses due to pests and
plant diseases are increasingly triggering the
use of chemical pesticides in agricultural land.
It was predicted that on a global scale the
production of pesticides will be 2.7 times
higher in 2050 than in 2000 (Sexton et al.,
2007). This also occurs in Indonesia where the
registered brands of pesticides have been
double increased from 1500 in 2006 to 3207
by 2016 (DG of PSP 2006, 2016). As a result,
a high residue of pesticides on soil and crops
has been recorded in Indonesia including
chlorpyrifos residue in the shallot tubers at one
of the shallot cultivation centers in Central
Sulawesi Indonesia (Jamaluddin et al., 2015).
Unfortunately, insecticides application has
been increasing of the leaf miner resistance to
insecticides (Ferguson, 2004; Silva et al.,
2015) and decreasing of the natural enemies
population and their role as biocontrol agents
(Hidrayani et al., 2005; Hernandez et al.,
2011). It is not surprising that an excessive use
of pesticides significantly increases the
economic and environmental costs (Pimentel
and Burgess, 2014; FAO, 2017).
Therefore, more sustainable alternative
controls are needed to mitigate the adverse
effects of insecticides by combining several
compatible control techniques in accordance
with the concept of integrated pest
management (IPM) (Barzman et al., 2015).