Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 88, Issue 1 (2021) 140-148 140 Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences Journal homepage: https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/fluid_mechanics_thermal_sciences/index ISSN: 2289-7879 Water Overlapping Area for The Arrangement of Field’s Sprinkler Irrigation Nur Lina Abdullah 1,* , Norul Fadhilah Ismail 2 , Saiful Bahri Safaron 3 , Nurazeera Md Suder 3 , Nurul Wahidah Omar 3 1 Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Persiaran Seremban Tiga-1, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Pekan Parit Tinggi, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 45450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 27 May 2021 Received in revised form 6 September 2021 Accepted 8 September 2021 Available online 21 October 2021 The design and arrangement of sprinkler irrigation systems are presented and discussed in this paper. The design is based on a rotating sprinkler system to irrigate the field. Information is provided concerning the components of irrigation systems and the characteristics of the system that affect water application efficiency. The mathematical model is developed to account for water overlapping area throughout a fixed sprinkler system and to evaluate the number of sprinkler irrigation for the whole field using water projection profiles from the experimental data analysis. As a result, a set of recommendations for the design of sprinkler irrigation system management are obtained. Finally, this problem is alleviated using the Maplet interface. By simply typing information in the text boxes and using drop-down menus in Maplet windows, the characteristic of sprinkler irrigation systems can be studied with relative ease. Keywords: Sprinkler irrigation system; irrigation methods; water projection; water overlapping area 1. Introduction Irrigation system basically means providing water directly to crops or indirectly through land or soil. There are three basic types of irrigation system namely sprinkler, drip, and surface. Surface irrigation is the most common used method that relies on gravity flow to distribute water as it is suited to mild slopes as well as regular slopes. While sprinkler irrigation involves spraying the plants with water using a permanently or temporarily fixed tool. Water is pumped through pipes and sprinkled onto the plants like raindrops from a spray head. However, drip irrigation involves the use of pipes with small opening at low rates on the soil. These types of irrigation have their advantage and disadvantage to be considered to ensure the water is evenly distribute without any wastage and affect the plant and soil. A systematic and effective irrigation system will ensure the growth and plant development could not be hampered or interrupt because water needs are met on the ground [1]. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: lina7837@uitm.edu.my https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.88.1.140148