Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 Sep 09; 9(A):727-734. 727 Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021 Sep 09; 9(A):727-734. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6609 eISSN: 1857-9655 Category: A - Basic Sciences Section: Pharmacology The Possible Antidiabetic Efect of Ficus carica L. Tablet on lloxan-Induced Diabetes Model in Rats Muhammad Fariez Kurniawan*, Fadhilah Alvari Yusuf Department of Pharmacy Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract BACKGROUND: Fig leaves are reported to have an efect on reducing blood glucose levels. However, the use of fresh leaves makes the efects obtained is not measurable and efcient. AIM: The purpose of this research was to determine the antidiabetic potential of ethanol extract of fg leaves and to optimize tablet dosage formulations. METHODS: Four tablet formulas were made using the wet granulation method. Formula I (FI), Formula I (FII), and Formula III (FIII) groups to give a tablet of ethanol extract of fg leaves with a dose of 40 mg, 60 mg, and 80 mg and placebo treatment group. There were eight groups of male rats strain Wistar treated as follows: Normal control, negative control, positive control (metformin tablets), basis group, placebo treatment group, F1, F2, and F3 groups. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated from a decrease in rat blood glucose levels. Previously, rats were induced frst using alloxan 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally to damage β-pancreatic cells so that the rats could experience increased blood glucose levels. After giving treatment to each group for 14 days, a rat blood sample was then taken on days 9 and 14, which were then analyzed by the GOD PAP method with readings carried out using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 500 nm. RESULTS: The average weight (mg) of FI tablets (617.8 ± 3.21%), FII (629.35 ± 8.16%), and FIII (643.6 ± 6.21%), and placebo tablet (666.45 ± 4.36%). As for the uniformity of size, all formulas have a diameter of 0.9 ± 0.0 (cm). For the hardness values of FI (5.7 kg), FII (1.31 kg), and FIII (3.09 kg), placebo tablet (2.98%). The value of friability FI (1.42%), FII (11.8%), and FIII (0.84%), placebo tablet (1.16%). While the disintegration time of FI (11.02 min), FII (10.10 min), and FIII (17.00 min), placebo tablet (12.23%). As for the uniformity of size, all formulas have a diameter of 0.9 ± 0.0 (cm). Whereas the dissolution rate (DE45) of each formulation decreased with increasing dose of extract, FI (73.73%), FII (74.80%), and FIII (69.80%). The treatment group of the ethanol extract of fg leaves at a dose of 40 mg, ethanol extract of fg leaves at a dose of 60 mg, and ethanol extract of fg leaves at a dose of 80 mg could reduce rats’ blood glucose levels with statistically signifcant results (p < 0.05) compared to negative group. When it was compared to the positive group, it had signifcant results with a statistical value (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of fg leaf tablets had a signifcant efect on lowering rats’ blood glucose levels. Edited by: Sinisa Stojanoski Citation: Kurniawan MF, Yusuf FA. The Possible Antidiabetic Efect of Ficus carica L. Tablet on Alloxan- Induced Diabetes Model in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 Sep 09; 9(A):727-734. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6609 Keywords: Fig leaves; Antidiabetic; Tablet *Correspondence: Muhammad Fariez Kurniawan, Department of Pharmacy Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia. E-mail: fariez@umy.ac.id Received: 09-Jun-2021 Revised: 02-Aug-2021 Accepted: 29-Aug-2021 Copyright: © 2021 Muhammad Fariez Kurniawan, Fadhilah Alvari Yusuf Funding: This research did not receive any fnancial support Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic system disorder characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the blood. Diabetes mellitus occurs as glucose is built up in the blood and fails to enter the cells. The failure is caused by the hormone insulin not functioning properly, or the amount is insufcient. The function of the insulin hormone is to help glucose enter cells [1]. Annually, WHO predicts an increase in diabetes mellitus suferers. In 2040, the number of people with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia was predicted to reach 642 million [2]. With the high number of diabetes suferers and the expensive treatment of the disease, it is necessary to have alternative therapies in herbal treatments that show good efectiveness and safety [3]. Fig plants are included in the mulberry (Moraceae) plant group. Fig leaves are one of 400 plants reported to be used as an antidiabetic. In tropical and subtropical areas, fg leaves are widespread, and it is reported that they have efectiveness as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and anti-infammatory [4]. Boiled water and stew of fg leave methanol extract are reported to treat diabetes. Fig leaves with the Latin name Ficus carica L. contain favonoid compounds, β-sitosterol, and polyphenols reported to have antidiabetic efects [5]. More favonoid content will be obtained using ethanol as a solvent compared to other solvents [6]. Various dose 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight of extract were administered orally to the rats shown has no adverse efect on the liver or blood constituents and possess no hepatotoxic activity. [7]. Ethanol extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight can afect the decrease in blood sugar and cholesterol in alloxan-induced male white mice, better than the dose of 100 and 300 mg/ kg body weight and not signifcantly diferent compared to glibenclamide in reducing blood sugar levels of male white mice induced by alloxan [8]. Looking at the