74 Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Information, and Communication Technology (JEEICT) Vol. 3 No. 2, October 2021, Pages 74 - 79 Design of Automatic Watering and Humidity Systems Based on Internet of Things for Screenhouse 1 st Stefanus Marcellindo Dept. Electrical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia stefanus.marcellindo@student.uns.ac.id 4 th Savira Kharisma Putri Dept. Agrotechnology Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia savirakharisma@student.uns.ac.id 2 nd Dina Mifika Sari Dept. Electrical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia dinamifikas@student.uns.ac.id 5 th Feri Adriyanto Dept. Electrical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia feri.adriyanto@staff.uns.ac.id 3 rd Muhammad Hammam Al-Choiri Dept. Electrical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia hammamchoi23@student.uns.ac.id Abstract—Central Bureau of Statistics reports that the population in Indonesia continues to increase every 10 years. The more the population swells, the greater the need for food. To meet the community's need for food availability, there are several agricultural obstacles such as growth criteria that are not by the type of commodity. Air temperature, humidity and intensity of water supply are included as criteria for plant growth (Budiman and Saraswati, 2005). Erratic weather changes make farmers unable to guarantee production results with good quality, and quantity. This research is designed using a tool that has been integrated with the Internet of Things system embedded in a raspberry pi as the overall processing core [1]. In addition to the raspberry pi, there are also several sensors as real condition readings, several relays as an electric pump controller and a solenoid valve as an electrical faucet controller, and these components will be connected with the ESP8266/NodeMcu module using a wifi connection. The data read by these sensors is displayed on the smartphone screen as a monitoring function in real-time and also the user can directly take action using the remote control, both automatic actions using machine learning or manual action. This sophisticated screenhouse can perform irrigation actions and temperature regulation automatically without having to do direct monitoring every time. The use of this system in agriculture allows the owner to not need to do direct monitoring by coming to the screenhouse, users can simply monitor using a smartphone connected to the Internet network. The application of this system can carry out watering actions and regulate the temperature in the screenhouse room automatically according to the aspects of good growth criteria for plants. Like controlling the microclimate in the screenhouse Keywords—temperature, humidity, farmers, production, internet of things I. INTRODUCTION The increasing population in Indonesia causes an increase food needs. This has led to food diversification, which often uses vegetables and fruit as alternative food ingredients. However, there are several problems in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits on agricultural land, one of which is extreme weather changes. The effect of extreme weather changes on vegetable and fruit crops is the mismatch of air temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture with plant needs. Each plant has different growing criteria to produce the most optimal harvest. For example, vegetables are better cultivated in the highlands because of the more suitable microclimate conditions. Therefore, a temperature and humidity control is needed so that land productivity is guaranteed. II. BACKGROUND A. Previous studies In previous studies, an integrated irrigation system with NRF24L01 wireless communication was able to communicate well between modules only at a distance of 35 meters, where this distance could not reach wider agricultural land. Srishi Rawal (2017) also conducted research in agricultural systems by building an IoT-based irrigation using Arduino Uno as a base [2]. In addition, Yuthika et al (2017) also made a paper entitled "Intelligent IoT Based Automated Irrigation System". In this study, an IoT-based automatic watering was developed using the K-Nearest Neighbor method to classify soil conditions into four categories, namely wet, slightly wet, dry, slightly dry based on soil moisture and temperature parameters [3]. Then Pavankumar Naik et al (2018) also conducted research on IoT-based automatic watering using Arduino Yun as the brain [4]. Abraham Sudharson Ponraj (2019) also researched machine-learning approaches for IoT in agriculture so that several categories of machine learning comparisons were produced, one of which was land management [5]. A. Neelima (2018) also conducted research on IoT irrigation systems based on soil moisture sensors and Arduino which are connected to the internet using a wifi module whose data is sent to Thingspeak [6]. However, several studies that have been conducted have only focused on watering and sensor readings of growth criteria. Whereas the treatment of plant growth criteria is important, especially the microclimate. B. Air Temperature and Humidity A good air temperature for plants must be in accordance with the needs of each plant phase, such as the germination phase, flowering phase, and ripening phase [7]. Air humidity is the amount or content of water vapor in the air that comes from evaporation of ground water and plants [8]. Each vegetable or fruit commodity also has different requirements for air temperature and humidity. For example, strawberries are suitable for relatively cold temperatures, which are around 22-280C, while the humidity needed for strawberries is 80-90% [9]. Higher temperature will increase the process of photosynthesis and respiration. However, plant areas with temperature above optimum limit result more respiration than photosynthesis, so that plant production decreases [10].