7 One critic, Robert M. Adams, confesses that he does not find Joyce's epiphanic mode significant. m James Joyce: Common Sense and Beyond (New York: Random House, 1966), Adams admits that his "low estimate of the epiphanies" is one of the "conscious heresies" he commits (ix). Despite his playful tone, Adams seems resigned to the onslaught of readers and critics who have a high estimate of Joyce's epiphanies. Another critic, Robert Scholes, questions the critical emphasis on the epiphanic mode in a celebrated essay, "Joyce and the Epiphany: The Key to the Labyrinth?," Sewanee Review, 72 (Winter 1964), 65-77. Scholes argues that after Stephen Hero, Joyce's first novel, Joyce may have deliberately diminished the value of his epiphanies. Scholes says that except for the reference to "epiphanies written on green oval leaves" in Ulysses, they seem "never to have been in [Joyce's] recorded thoughts" (72). But Ihave shown that the word, along with its various disguised forms, appears in Finnegans Wake. SCOTT W. KLEIN ODYSSEUS AS "NEW WOMANLY MAN" It has long been recognized that Leopold Bloom exhibits a mixture of traditionally male and female behaviors, presenting the reader of Ulysses with amodel for an emotional androgyny that marks not only his social maturity but also his modernity as a "new womanly man" (U15.1798-99).1 Yet to my knowledge no one has noted that Joyce's characterization, like so much else in Ulysses, has a precedent in the Odyssey. Homer, breaking from the narrative conventions of the Iliad, twice describes Odysseus with explicitly feminine epic similes. InBook 8, when Odysseus reacts to a song of his exploits, and inBook 10, where he narrates his own return to his ships, he is placed in the poetic roles of wife and mother: This was the song that the famous minstrel sang. But the heart of Odys seus melted, and the tear wet his cheeks beneath the eyelids. And as a woman throws herself wailing about her dear lord, who hath fallen before his city and the host, warding from his town and his children the pitiless day; and she beholds him dying and drawing difficult breath, and emj bracing his body wails aloud, while the foemen behind smite her witti spears on back and shoulders and lead her up into bondage, to bear labour and trouble, and with the most pitiful grief her cheeks are wasted; even so pitifully fell the tears beneath the brows of Odysseus. So I went on my way to the swift ship and the sea-banks, and there I found my dear company on the swift ship lamenting piteously, shedding big tears. And as when calves of the homestead gather round the droves of kine that have returned to the yard, when they have had their fill of 617