Chemical and Materials Engineering 8(1): 1-6, 2021 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cme.2021.080101
An Experimental Study on Electroless Nickel
Plating on Alumina Ceramic
R. K. Gupta
1,*
, Anjali Nihore
2
, P. Ram Sankar
1
, P. Ganesh
1
, R. Kaul
1
1
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore- 452013, MP, India
2
Project Student SGSITS Indore, MP, India
Received December 4, 2020; Revised January 22, 2021; Accepted February 24, 2021
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] R.K. Gupta, Anjali Nihore, P. Ram Sankar, P. Ganesh, R. Kaul , "An Experimental Study on Electroless Nickel
Plating on Alumina Ceramic," Chemical and Materials Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1 - 6, 2021. DOI:
10.13189/cme.2021.080101.
(b): R.K. Gupta, Anjali Nihore, P. Ram Sankar, P. Ganesh, R. Kaul (2021). An Experimental Study on Electroless Nickel
Plating on Alumina Ceramic. Chemical and Materials Engineering, 8(1), 1 - 6. DOI: 10.13189/cme.2021.080101.
Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract In this paper a low temperature metallization
i.e. standardization of electroless Ni plating on alumina
ceramic is summarized. It includes three main steps (i)
pre-treatment, (ii) activation and (iii) Ni plating.
Pre-treatment includes degreasing with non-silicate soap
solution followed by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone and
etching the alumina surface to generate roughness for
making it suitable for adhesion. Etching has been obtained
by immersion in 10% NaOH at 50°C for 10 minutes and 50%
HF for 15 minutes at room temperature. Activation of the
surface is the most important step before electroless plating
on alumina ceramic. Activation has been achieved with
Ginplate 442 (commercial chemical) by immersing the
alumina specimen for 5 minutes at room temperature.
Activated alumina samples have been used for electroless
Ni plating in Ginplate 418 bath at 88°C.Uniform, densely
compact coating has been achieved as revealed by SEM
image. XRD plot confirms the presence of metallic nickel
together with phases of Ni
2
P, NiP, Ni
3
P confirming the
nickel phosphite based plating. Subsequently, tube to tube
joining of these metallized alumina ceramic tubes has been
conducted through vacuum brazing process with copper
silver eutectic alloy (28Cu-72Ag) whose cross section
showed good joint with excellent wettability of Cu-Ag with
Ni plating.
Keywords Low Temperature Metallization,
Electroless Nickel Plating, Pre-treatment, Activation
1. Introduction
Electroless nickel is a coating used for engineering
purposes, normally used because of excellent corrosion
and wear resistance. Electroless metal based plating is
generally used to deposit the metal without applying
potential or electric current. Hot acid hypophosphite based
baths are mostly used to plate steel and other metals,
whereas warm alkaline hypophosphite based baths are
used for plating plastic material and non-metallic ceramics.
Electroless nickel deposition is also used on aluminum
substrates to provide a solderable surface and is used with
molds and dies to improve lubricating properties. Due to
these properties, electroless nickel plating got many
important applications, including those in petrochemical,
chemical application, ceramic plastics, optics purpose,
printing, mining, aerospace industry, automotive industry,
electronics use, computers/laptops, textiles industry, paper
and food machinery parts [1]. Electroless Ni plating has
many advantages like uniform plating, solder ability and
braze ability with some limitations like less adherence,
plating rate not so fast as compared to electroplating.
Plastic material and ceramics insulator material need
proper and suitable cleaning/pre-treatment for metallic
depostion using electroless bath [2]. The microstructures
and other properties of electroless Ni coating which is in
the form of of Ni-P (EN) depend on the phosphorous
content alloyed in the deposit [3,4]. The mechanical and
tribological properties of these coatings can be further
tailored by adding hard particles [5], thermal treatment
[3,6] and some dry lubricants [7,8]. High purity alumina