International Surgery Journal | November 2017 | Vol 4 | Issue 11 Page 3705
International Surgery Journal
Rawat J et al. Int Surg J. 2017 Nov;4(11):3705-3710
http://www.ijsurgery.com pISSN 2349-3305 | eISSN 2349-2902
Original Research Article
Congenital choledochal malformations in children: management
strategies
Jiledar Rawat, Sudhir Singh*, Digamber Chaubey
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of Congenital Choledochal Malformations
(CCM) in Asia is 1/1000 live birth.
1
The exact incidence
in India is not known. CCM is more common in females
with a ratio of 3:1. Presentation in children is very
nonspecific and vague. The classical presentation is triad
of symptoms pain abdomen, palpable mass in right upper
abdomen and jaundice. Although abdominal ultrasound
scan (USG) is the first and easily available diagnostic
modality but Magnetic resonance
cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the “gold
standard” for the diagnosis and planning the
management. Contrast enhanced computed tomography
(CECT) abdomen is also helpful in cases present with
abdominal mass. Endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive
investigation and require expertise in children.
The most commonly followed classification for CCM
was initially given by Alonso-Lej et al. in 1959 and later
Todani et al. in 1977 modified it.
2,3
Lilly et al. described
and Sarin et al. give clinical significance of an entity
called “forme frusta.
4,5
The most commonly proposed
theory for CCM is supposed to be caused by an
anomalous pancreatic-biliary junction. Complications of
CCM include pancreatitis, cholangitis, secondary biliary
ABSTRACT
Background: A Congenital Choledochal Malformations (CCM) is common congenital defect of biliary tree in Asian
subcontinent. Presentations of CCM are vague from asymptomatic to life threatening cholangitis or pancreatitis.
Complete cyst excision and bilioenteric anastomosis is now accepted surgical treatment.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of five years duration. In this study the clinical presentation, haematological,
biochemical and radiological findings, operative procedure and outcome were studied from case records.
Results: Total of 20 patients were studied, with clinical presentation of recurrent abdominal pain in eight cases,
previous history of cholangitis in five cases, acute cholangitis two cases, biliary peritonitis in four cases and previous
history of pancreatitis in one case. In 13 cases Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) and in 4 cases
hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) done after cyst excision. One case of type II CCM managed with only cyst excision, in
two cases Lilly’s procedure, one case requires temporary external drainage and in two cases temporary internal
drainage done in view on cholangitis and jaundice.
Conclusions: However, the definitive treatment of CCM is complete cyst excision and bilioenteric anastomosis,
though lot of other temporary majors are also required at different stages of disease.
Keywords: Congenital Choledochal Malformations (CCM), Hepaticoduodenostomy (HD), Roux en Y
Hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ)
Department of Pediatric Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226003, India
Received: 28 August 2017
Accepted: 28 September 2017
*Correspondence:
Dr. Sudhir Singh,
E-mail: drsudhir_singh25@yahoo.in
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20174890