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ISSN 0036-0244, Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2016, Vol. 90, No. 7, pp. 1334–1337. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016.
Microwave Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanorods
As Catalysts for Rhodamine B Degradation
1
Tharini Jeyapragasam* and R. Sayee Kannan
Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar college, Madurai-625009 Tamilnadu, India
*e-mail: tharinichem@gmail.com
Received April 1, 2015
Abstract—Silver nanorods were prepared using aqueous extract of Citrus medica fruits under microwave irra-
diation for dye degradation. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The length of the silver nanorods ranges from 0.5 to
1.5 μm and they exhibit good catalytic activity for the reduction of rhodamine dye. The degradation of
rhodamine follows the pseudo first order kinetics. The rate constants were calculated for the different con-
centrations of rhodamine. The possible mechanism behind the catalytic performance exhibited by silver
nanorods is briefly discussed.
Keywords: silver nanorods, rhodamine, catalytic degradation, green synthesis, microwave irradiation
DOI: 10.1134/S003602441607030X
INTRODUCTION
Microwave assisted synthesis of nanomaterials has
attracted wider attention in the recent years since it
offers simple, safe, time and cost-effective and envi-
ronmentally friendly method for the facile synthesis of
silver nanoparticles [1]. The silver nanoparticles find
applications in wide range of areas such as optics, elec-
tronics, engineering, medicine, biology and pharmacy
[2, 3]. Generally, most of the organic dyes are toxic
and they present a serious hazard to the environment.
Rhodamine B (RhB) is the xanthane dye widely used
in textile, printing, leather, paint industry, pharma-
ceutical and food industry. It is carcinogenic and it is
one of the main sources of water pollution. It causes
water borne diseases such as nausea, hemorrhage and
cancer [4]. Hence the complete removal and degrada-
tion of this harmful organic dye becomes essential.
In the present study, silver nanorods were synthe-
sized by microwave irradiation using Citrus medica
(lime fruit) extract as the reducing agent. The catalytic
activity of the prepared silver nanorods is investigated
in the degradation of rhodamine B dye and their pos-
sible catalytic mechanism is also discussed.
EXPERIMENTAL
Materials. Rhodamine B, sodium borohydride
(NaBH
4
), silver nitrate (AgNO
3
) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich and used as received.
Preparation of the lime fruit juice. The Citrus medica
(lime fruits) were collected from the local market and
washed carefully several times with double distilled
water. Next lime fruits were cut open and squeezed to
extract the juice out. It was then filtered through
Whatman filter paper.
Microwave synthesis of silver nanorods. In a typical
synthesis, 1 mM of AgNO
3
aqueous solution was dis-
solved in 10 mL of Citrus medica extract. The reaction
mixture was heated in the domestic microwave oven
for 60 s at 100 W. The formation of silver nanoparticles
was visually identified by the color change in the solu-
tion to yellowish orange.
Catalytic activity of silver nanorods. In the catalytic
experiments, aqueous solution of rhodamine B of var-
ious concentrations (5, 10, 50, and 70 μM) and
sodium borohydride (0.1 M) were freshly prepared.
The prepared silver nanorods solution (2 mL) was
mixed with 25 μL of the known concentration of
rhodamine, and 25 μL of a 0.1 M NaBH
4
solution was
rapidly injected into this mixture. The mixture was
then quickly subjected to UV–Vis measurement.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characterization of Silver Nanorods
The simple strategy used to prepare the silver
nanorods is depicted in Scheme 1. The UV–Vis
absorption spectrum of the silver nanorods synthe-
sized by microwave irradiation is shown in Fig. 1b.
Generally the spherical silver nanoparticles show a
single and intense surface plasmon resonance peak in
1
The article is published in the original.
CHEMICAL KINETICS
AND CATALYSIS