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Journal of Geological Research | Volume 03 | Issue 04 | October 2021
1. Introduction
Within the central part of the Alpine-Mediterrane-
an-Himalayan mountain-fold belt there are fragments of
ancient continental-margin structures – paleoisland arcs
and backarc and interarc paleobasins. It is within these
structures that economic volcanogenic deposits of non-fer-
rous metals have been concentrated. Among the most
important geological events that have conditioned the tec-
tonic setting of this segment of the mountain-fold belt are:
(1) the partition of the South Armenian-Iranian microplate
from the north margin of Gondwana in Permian-Triassic
time and its accretion to the active Passifc-type continen-
tal margin of the Eurasian continent
[1-4]
; (2) the opening
of a rift in Late Triassic-Early Jurassic that was later trans-
*Corresponding Author:
S. Kekelia,
Department of mineral deposits and geochemistry, Al. Janelidze Institute of Geology of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,
Georgia,the U.S.;
Email: sergokekelia@yahoo.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v3i4.3572
Copyright © 2021 by the author(s). Published by Bilingual Publishing Co. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
Journal of Geological Research
ARTICLE
Volcanogenic Deposits of Non-ferrous Metals in the Lesser Caucasus
and Eastern Pontides
S. Kekelia
*
N.Gagnidze I. Mshvenieradze G. Kharazishvili
Department of mineral deposits and geochemistry, Al. Janelidze Institute of Geology of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, Georgia,the U.S.
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article history
Received: 16 August 2021
Revised: 6 September 2021
Accepted: 6 September 2021
Published Online: 28 September 2021
The paper presents brief characteristics of geological environments of
ore deposit occurrences in Turkey, Georgia and Armenia. They can be
attributed to Kuroko-type deposits, being distinguished by the character
of ore accumulation. To the west, in Turkey, there are epigenetic and
hydrothermal-sedimentary copper-zinc deposits that were formed in deep
restricted basinal settings. An example of the latter is the Chayeli deposit.
To the east, in the Caucasus, we have predominantly only epigenetic
deposits. Besides, in the Bolnisi mining district (Georgia) there is the
Madneuli deposit which represents an example of polyformational
deposit. Here, within the restricted territory, have been concentrated:
barite, barite-polymetallic, gold-bearing secondary quartzite, large-scale
stockworks of copper ores. Judged by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, some volcanites
which are spatially associated with ores, might have been products of
the “differentiation” of undepleted mantle, or other magmas that were
generated in the lower part of the earth crust.
In the Alaverdi ore district in Armenia, there are Jurassic volcano-
depressions that host copper, copper-zinc and barite-sulfide ores. All
the deposits of the Alaverdi district, porphyry copper including, contain
economic reserves of ores.
On the basis of available literature material and our own data, there has
been created a mental-logical geological-genetic model of volcanogenic
deposits.
Keywords:
Kuroko-type deposits
Madneuli
Chayeli
Paleoisland
Undepleted mantle
Ore
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