Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, Vol. 6, Special Issue, October 2016 67 ISSN 2277-5099 | © 2016 Bonfring Abstract--- We are moving from the Personal Computer (PC) age (i.e., one computing device per person ) to the Ubiquitous Computing age in which individual users utilize, at the same time, several electronic platforms through which they can access all the required information whenever and wherever they may be. Since the basic components of ad hoc wireless networks are mostly battery-operated portable devices, power conservation is one of the central issues of such networks. Power-conservative designs for ad hoc networks pose many challenges due to the lack of central coordination facilities.The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the power-optimization in mobile ad hoc networks based on routing. Keywords--- Energy Efficiency, On Demand. I. INTODUCTION IRELESS data networks are increasingly becoming an important part of the next-generation network infrastructure. This is made possible by the availability of inexpensive wireless network devices such as Bluetooth and wireless LANs. The objective of these networks is to provide users with ―anytime, anywhere‖ data access. The end-user devices range from small handheld PDAs to larger laptops. The computing and storage capabilities of these devices cover a wide spectrum. One of the main limitations of these wireless networks is the limited battery power of the network nodes. Therefore, power management is one of the challenging problems in wireless communication, and recent research has addressed this problem. Wireless networks are typically classified as: (i) infrastructure networks, in which all end node communication is through a more powerful entity called the base station, which is connected to a wired network infrastructure; and (ii) ad hoc networks, in which end nodes establish a network among themselves and communicate with each other in a multihop manner. Specifically,advances in wireless communication will enable a radical new communication paradigm: self-organized information and communication systems. In this new networking paradigm, the users’ mobile devices are the network, and they must cooperatively provide the functionality that is usually provided by the network Ramanna Havinal, Associate Professor, ECE Department, College of Engg Ambajogai, India. E-mail:rshavinal@gmail.com Girish V. Attimarad, Head of ECE Department, KSSEM Bengaluru, India. E-mail:gattimarad@yahoo.com M.N. girirasad Professor ECE, Department, JNTUA College Of Engg AnanthapurIndia. E-mail:mahandragiri1960@gmail.com DOI:10.9756/BIJSESC.8245 infrastructure (e.g., routers, switches, and servers). Such systems are sometimes referred to as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) or as infrastructure-less wireless networks Routing is a significant consumer of battery power since a packet is routed through many intermediate nodes before reaching its destination. Energy costs related to communication can be high in mobile nodes but this chapter only considers the costs related to routing. The design of energy-efficient routing protocols has attracted the attention of researchers in the past few years A. Sources of Power Consumption The sources of power consumption, with regard to network operations, can be classified into two types: communication- related and computation-related. Communication involves usage of the transceiver at the source, intermediate (in the case of ad hoc networks), and destination nodes. The transmitter is used for sending control, route request, and response messages, as well as data packets originating at or routed through the transmitting node. The receiver is used to receive data and control packets, some of which are destined for the receiving node and some of which are forwarded. Understanding the power characteristics of the mobile radio used in wireless devices is important for the efficient design of communication protocols. A typical mobile radio may exist in three modes: transmit, receive, and standby. Maximum power is consumed in the transmit mode, and the least in the standby mode. Thus, the goal of protocol development for environments with limited power resources is to optimize the transceiver usage for a given communication task. Computation costs, involving packet processing and the CPU, are not considered in this chapter. Battery technology has lagged compared to the advancements in communication and computing technology in the past decade. Now that batteries’ capacity cannot be significantly improved, efforts should be put into designing energy-efficient software and hardware. A portable device typically has several main hardware components that consume battery power: display monitor, disk, CPU, memory, and wireless network interface card (WNIC). The WNIC component can consume 10–50% of overall system energy, which explains why notebooks’ lifetimes reduce significantly when inserted with WNICs. Wireless architectures can be classified as Infrastructure and ad hoc. With infrastructure (base stations), energy- efficient techniques are usually easier to develop due to the availability of central coordination. Without such central coordination, power-conservative designs pose more challenges for ad hoc networks.We generally divide power- conservative protocols into two categories: Power Optimized Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Ramanna Havinal, Girish V. Attimarad and M.N. Giriprasad W