Research paper Risk of stroke in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: A multinational study Shima Shahjouei a , Soheil Naderi a,bb , Jiang Li b , Ayesha Khan a , Durgesh Chaudhary a , Ghasem Farahmand c,l , Shailesh Male d , Christoph Griessenauer a , Mirna Sabra e , Stefania Mondello f , Achille Cernigliaro g , Faezeh Khodadadi h , Apoorva Dev h , Nitin Goyal i , Sakineh Ranji-Burachaloo c,l , Oluwaseyi Olulana a , Venkatesh Avula a , Seyed Amir Ebrahimzadeh j , Orkhan Alizada k , Mehmet Murat Hancı k , Askar Ghorbani l , Alaleh Vaghefi far m , Annemarei Ranta m,n , Martin Punter m,n , Mahtab Ramezani o , Nima Ostadrahimi bb , Georgios Tsivgoulis i,p , Paraskevi C. Fragkou q , Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi r , Emmanouil Karofylakis q , Sotirios Tsiodras q , Saeideh Neshin Aghayari Sheikh s , Alia Saberi s , Mika Niemel € a t , Behnam Rezai Jahromi t , Ashkan Mowla u , Mahsa Mashayekhi v , Reza Bavarsad Shahripour i , Seyed Aidin Sajedi w , Mohammad Ghorbani x , Arash Kia y , Nasrin Rahimian z , Vida Abedi b,aa , Ramin Zand a,i, * a Neurology Department, Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA b Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA c Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran d Neurology Department, Vidant Medical Center, Greenville, NC, USA e Neurosciences Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University/ Medical School, Beirut, Lebanon f Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy g Regional Health Authority of Sicily, Palermo, Italy h PES University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India i Neurology Department, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Tennessee, USA j Radiology Department, Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran k Neurosurgery Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey l Neurology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran m Department of Neurology, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand n Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand o Neurology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran p Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens, Greece q Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece r Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran s Neurology Department, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran t Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland u Division of Stroke and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, USA v Internal medicine Department, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran w Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran x Divisions of Vascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery and Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital and Rasoul-Akram hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Collaborators - The Multinational COVID-19 Stroke Study Group: Prof Mohammad Hossein Harirchian, MD, 1 Nazanin Ahmadzadeh, MD, 2 Thomas Yasuda, MD, 3 Fabricio Cardoso, MD, 3 Asadollah Mirghasemi, MD, 4 Alireza Janbakhsh, MD, 5 Moham- mad Hossein Zamanian, MD, 5 Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, MD, 5 Ali H. Kassem, MD, 6 Haidar H. Hoummani, MD, 6 Arefeh Babazadeh, MD, 7 Soheil Ebrahimpour, MD, 7 Sima Mohseni, MD, MPH, 7 Firas Kobeissy, PhD 8,9 Navneet Singh Dang, MD, 10 B. V. Ganesh, MBBS, 11 Radha Krishna Ramesh, MD, 12 Sedighe Basirjafari, MD, 13 Janardhanan Saravanan, Pharm Ph. D, 14 Faissal Qak, MD, 15 Prof Afshin Borhani-Haghighi. 16 1 Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Med- ical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2 Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey; 3 Neurology Department, Centro M edico de Campinas, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil; 4 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ottawa, Canada; 5 Infection Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kerman- shah, Iran; 6 Lebanese University/Beirut Governmental University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; 7 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. 8 Program of Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarker Research (NNBR), University of Florida, Florida, USA; 9 Lebanese Ministry of Health, Beirut, Lebanon; 10 Department of Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Pennsylvania, USA; 11 ESIC Hospital, Karnataka, India; 12 C.V. Raman General Hospital, Karnataka, India; 13 Department of Radiology, Hashemi Rafsanjani Hospital, Khorasan, Iran; 14 PES University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; 15 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ottawa, Canada; 16 Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. * Corresponding author at: Neurology Department, Neuroscience Institute, Gei- singer Health System, 100 North Academy Ave. Danville, PA 17822, USA. E-mail address: rzand@geisinger.edu (R. Zand). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102939 2352-3964/© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) EBioMedicine 59 (2020) 102939 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect EBioMedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ebiom