3 ANALYSIS OF BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL, ITS TYPES AND MEASURES TO AVOID RISK 1 2 3 4 Aftab Ahmad Malik , Anas Riaz , Haroon Ur Rashid Kayani , Waqar Azeem 1,2,3 4 Department of Software Engineering Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison University, Lahore dr_aftab_malik@yahoo.com 1. Introduction We are living in the world of digital communication. The digital communication involves the mechanism of sending message from one end to other ends of the network. The process of transferring the message across the internet is a complex task. The process of sending packets from one end to another on the network is known as routing. The mechanism of routing involves special networking devices known as routers [1]. The router is an intelligent device that connects different networks. The connection can be either using wired or wireless. In the OSI model, the router operates at the network layer. Routers have their own memory, processing unit, and input-output interfaces. Routers have routing tables that store the information about the path from source to destination. Incoming and outgoing messages are filtered by these devices based on the sender and receiver addresses [2]. A message from source is forwarded to routers which then forward these packets to the destination using information. The main source of communication between routers is routing protocols. Using these protocols, information about the destination is changed between routers and path is selected [1]. The routing protocol can be defined as the set of rules designed for routers that will specify the best path between the source and destination [2] and also specifies how different routers will communicate with each other. The process of routing is classified as: a. Static Routing b. Dynamic Routing We know that the routers have knowledge about each device on the network. The information is received from either the neighbor router or from the administrator of the network [3]. In other words, routers are configured either manually by the network administrator or they will generate routing table automatically without Static routing is a mechanism in which routers are configured manually by the network administrator [4]. Static routes once configured cannot be changed with a change in the network Abstract: This is the age of digital communication. The process involves sending messages from one end of the network to other end using the internet, extranets and the Internet of Things (IOT) Technologies. Initially, the internet is a small community. But today internet becomes a global community as thousands of different administrative entities own and operate the internet. The process of transferring data across the network is known as routing. The process of routing is performed by using routers. Routers use certain protocols to achieve this task. The Broader Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an interdomain routing protocol that is used to connect two different autonomous systems. The autonomous system is collection of network that runs under a single administrative entity. This paper includes analysis and important techniques of border gateway protocol, types of BGP, its attributes, security threats and measures to avoid risks. Keywords: AS, BGP, IBGP, EBGP. LGU Research Jounral for Computer Sciences & IT 3(3) LGURJCSIT Aftab et al LGURJCSIT 2019 LGU Research Jounral for Computer Sciences & IT Vol. 3 Issue 3, July - September 2019 ISSN: 2521-0122 (Online) ISSN: 2519-7991 (Print)