J o u r n a l o f G a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l & D i g e s t i v e S y s t e m ISSN: 2161-069X Journal of Gastrointestinal & Digestive System Magwaza et al., J Gastrointest Dig Syst 2020, 10:6 Volume 10 • Issue 6 • 1000627 J Gastrointest Dig Syst, an open access journal ISSN: 2161-069X Open Access Review Article National Cancer Control Plans: Comparative Analysis between South Africa and Brazil Focusing on Colorectal Cancer Control Sphindile Magwaza 1,2 *, Guido Van Hal 1 , and Muhammad Hoque 3 1 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Belgium 2 Health Systems Trust, Durban, South Africa 3 Management College of Southern Africa, Durban, South Africa *Corresponding author: Sphindile Magwaza, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Belgium, Tel: +27832188713; E-mail: snkmagwaza@gmail.com Received July 10, 2020; Accepted September 11, 2020; Published September 18, 2020 Citation: Magwaza S, Hal GV, Hoque M (2020) National Cancer Control Plans: Comparative Analysis between South Africa and Brazil Focusing on Colorectal Cancer Control. J Gastrointest Dig Syst 10: 627. Copyright: © 2020 Magwaza S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Keywords: Cancer control plan; Colorectal cancer; South Africa, Brazil Key messages • Efective cancer control planning guide policy-makers and programme managers in decision-making concerning appropriate interventions and investments towards improving cancer outcomes. • Monitoring National Cancer Control Plans (NCCPs) implementation can track improvements towards achievement of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Global Action Plan targets by 2025 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. • As countries move towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) close monitoring of NCCPs implementation within the context of UHC becomes critical in terms of health systems strengthening • Te review fndings can be used to advocate for gaps in NCCPs needing attention in the planning and implementation cycles of National Cancer Control Programmes and NCDs in South Africa and Brazil Introduction Background-overview of colorectal cancer Cancer is among the top fve causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tis is supported by the GLOBOCAN 2018 report that estimates 18.1 million new cases of cancer and 9.6 million deaths from cancer in that year. Te report, states that there were over 1.8 million new colorectal cancer cases and 881,000 deaths in 2018 [1]. Abstract Background: According to WHO, National Health policies should defne people-centred care and address the social determinants of health. Similarly, reliable information systems are critical for decision-making and informing public health strategies. The objective of comparative study was to compare South Africa and Brazil’s colorectal cancer (CRC) control policy frameworks focusing on CRC epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and measures for early detection and control and surveillance approaches in each country. These countries are in the upper middle income category as defned by the World Bank, have similar patterns of cancer burden, health system infrastructure. And are part of the economic cooperation with China, Russia and India called BRICS. Methods: A literature search targeted WHO website, GLOBOCAN, PubMed and Medline sources to identify CRC guidelines for South Africa and Brazil published from year 2000 to year 2020. Data was extracted to a table by policy key components for comparison. Results: Both country cancer plans were informed by epidemiology and aligned to the WHO guidelines and STEPS surveillance mechanism. The national cancer registry was last published in 2014 for South Africa and in 2018 for Brazil. Both country policies cover the full spectrum of prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment and palliative care. CRC screening plan did not exist in South Africa. Operational plans on risk factors with annual targets existed in both countries. Inequity of CRC services at regional level and between public and private sectors affected both countries. Conclusion: South Africa and Brazil address the cancer risk factors proactively. Gaps remain to ensure equity of colorectal cancer services in each country. Partnership opportunities exist to facilitate population based survey in South Africa, support equity of cancer services in both countries given the CRC projections. The partnership is the catalyst to advance harmonised and optimised CRC control programme through innovation in both countries. Colorectal cancer ranks third in terms of cancer incidence and ranks second in terms of cancer mortality. Tis translates to about 1 in 10 cancer cases and deaths globally. It is considered as a marker of socioeconomic development with the rising of incidence rates in tandem with increasing Human development index (HDI) [2]. By 2030, the projected global burden of CRC is expected to reach more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths [3]. Te 2018 Global Cancer Report, on CRC incidence by world regions, reports a high CRC burden in high income and developed countries and a gradually increasing burden in developing countries including the Southern Africa region. Tis region rank 12th among the United Nations (UN) regions on CRC burden. Colorectal cancer epidemiology in South Africa and Brazil South Africa Colorectal cancer is 5 th most frequent cancer in South Africa. Te incidence rate of new colorectal cancer (CRC) in South Africa reported