PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2009, 62, 327–358 EMPLOYEE SELF-SERVICE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE: A COMPARISON OF PRE-IMPLEMENTATION AND POST-IMPLEMENTATION RELATIONSHIPS JANET H. MARLER School of Business University at Albany-S.U.N.Y SANDRA L. FISHER School of Business Clarkson University WEILING KE School of Business Clarkson University Implementation of employee self-service (ESS) technology presents a variety of challenges for organizations as they strive to maximize return on investment and change management. Using a research framework grounded in the theory of planned behavior, this study examines factors that enhance user acceptance of ESS technology both before and after implementation. Results suggest that employees are more likely to intend to use ESS technology when they have positive attitudes toward using it and when subjective norms in the organization support use of the technology. Perceived organizational support (POS) enhanced the effect of managerial pressure on perceptions of normative beliefs supporting use of the technology post-implementation. Implications of the research and future research directions are discussed. Employee self-service (ESS) technology is currently a popular innova- tion that is of special interest in the human resource management context because of anticipated cost savings and other efficiency-related benefits. It is a class of Web-based technology that allows employees and managers to conduct much of their own data management and transaction process- ing rather than relying on human resource (HR) or administrative staff to perform these duties (Marler & Dulebohn, 2005). ESS technology can allow employees to update personal information, change their own benefit selections, or register for training. Shifting such duties to the individual An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2007 Academy of Management meetings. We thank Ken Brown for his helpful comments on the paper. Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Sandra L. Fisher, Clarkson University, School of Business, P.O. Box 5790, Potsdam, NY 13699-5790; sfisher@clarkson.edu. C  2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 327