Research Article
Effective CBMIR System Using Hybrid Features-Based
Independent Condensed Nearest Neighbor Model
Hirald Dwaraka Praveena,
1
Nirmala S. Guptha,
2
Afsaneh Kazemzadeh,
3
B. D. Parameshachari ,
4
and K. L. Hemalatha
5
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati 517102,
Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Department of CSE-Artificial Intelligence, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bengaluru 562157, India
3
Shabakeh Pardaz Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
4
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, GSSS Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women,
Mysuru 570016, India
5
Department of ISE, Sri Krishna Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560090, India
Correspondence should be addressed to B. D. Parameshachari; paramesh@gsss.edu.in
Received 29 January 2022; Revised 28 February 2022; Accepted 8 March 2022; Published 26 March 2022
Academic Editor: Alireza Souri
Copyright © 2022 Hirald Dwaraka Praveena et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
In recent times, a large number of medical images are generated, due to the evolution of digital imaging modalities and computer
vision application. Due to variation in the shape and size of the images, the retrieval task becomes more tedious in the large
medical databases. So, it is essential in designing an effective automated system for medical image retrieval. In this research study,
the input medical images are acquired from new Pap smear dataset, and then, the visible quality of acquired medical images is
improved by applying image normalization technique. Furthermore, the hybrid feature extraction is accomplished using his-
togram of oriented gradients and modified local binary pattern to extract the color and texture feature vectors that significantly
reduces the semantic gap between the feature vectors. e obtained feature vectors are fed to the independent condensed nearest
neighbor classifier to classify the seven classes of cell images. Finally, relevant medical images are retrieved using chi square
distance measure. Simulation results confirmed that the proposed model obtained effective performance in image retrieval in light
of specificity, recall, precision, accuracy, and f-score. e proposed model almost achieved 98.88% of retrieval accuracy, which is
better compared to other deep learning models such as long short-term memory network, deep neural network, and convolutional
neural network.
1. Introduction
In recent times, medical imaging plays a crucial role in early
treatment, diagnosis, and detection of several diseases [1].
Recently, medical imaging comprises of dissimilar imaging
modalities such as ultrasound, fluoroscopy, computed to-
mography, and histopathology that helps in interpreting and
understanding the dissimilar organs of the human body
[2, 3]. In recent scenario, the medical facilities and hospitals
create an enormous number of medical images, where it is a
complex task to interpret medical images that needs
extensive knowledge [4, 5]. So, researchers developed many
support systems such as computer aided diagnosis system
and content-based medical image retrieval (CBMIR), to
assist radiologists or clinicians for interpreting the medical
images [6, 7]. Among the available support systems, CBMIR
system gained more attention among the researchers, which
aids clinicians in finding the identical medical images during
diagnosis [8]. Most of the developed CBMIR systems work
based on image information such as edges, texture, color,
and shape features are generally extracted from handcrafted
feature extraction techniques [9–20]. Incompatibility
Hindawi
Journal of Healthcare Engineering
Volume 2022, Article ID 3297316, 9 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3297316