ISSN 1063-7842, Technical Physics, 2014, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 576–587. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2014.
Original Russian Text © K.G. Kulikov, 2014, published in Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 2014, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 109–119.
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INTRODUCTION
There has been considerable recent interest in the
application of laser methods in various branches of
science and technology including physics, chemistry,
biology, and medicine. Laser sources are employed in
medicine for diagnostics, therapy, and surgery.
Informative parameters that characterize vital
activity are primarily chosen in such problems. Note
the important analysis of peripheral blood, which
flows in organs and tissues, since the corresponding
results can be used to characterize a living organism. A
comprehensive analysis of the parameters of light-
scattering and absorption allows rapid intact determi-
nation of physiological and morphological modifica-
tions in cells due to temperature, chemical, etc.,
effects.
It is known that blood consists of the following
blood cells: leucocytes, erythrocytes, and thromb-
ocytes [1, 2]. The study of the optical properties of
such biological objects makes it possible to solve sev-
eral important problems in diagnostics of pathologies.
To develop a mathematical model of the interaction of
laser radiation with complicated blood cells, we must
consider the corresponding geometrical structures.
First, we consider the cells with the highest con-
centration in blood (erythrocytes). An erythrocyte is a
cell that has the shape of a biconcave disk. The cell
does not contain a nucleus and a specific protein
(hemoglobin) is the main component of cytoplasm. In
normal blood, from 70 to 80% of erythrocytes have the
spherical biconcave shape and different shapes are
possible for the remaining 20–30% of the cells (e.g.,
spherical, oval, bowl-shaped, etc.). The erythrocyte
shape is sensitive to several diseases: in particular,
sickle cells are typical of sicklemia.
Leucocytes are blood cells that can be divided into
granulocytes, which exhibit granules, and agranulo-
cytes, which are free of granules. Neutrophils, eosino-
phils, and basophils are classified as granulocytes.
A neutrophil is a circular cell with an uncommon
rod-shaped nucleus. Neutrophils with rod-shaped and
lobed nuclei are young and mature cells, respectively.
Most neutrophils in blood are cells with lobed nuclei
(65%), and the content of the plane-nucleus cells is no
greater than 5%.
Similarly to the neutrophil, an eosinophil is a cir-
cular cell with rod-shaped or lobed nucleus. The cyto-
plasm of this cell contains relatively large granules with
identical sizes and shapes.
A basophil is a circular cell with the rod-shaped or
lobed nucleus. The cytoplasm contains granules with
different sizes and shapes.
Monocytes and lymphocytes are classified as
agranulocytes.
A monocyte is an agranulocyte (i.e., a cell that does
not contain granules) with an almost triangular shape
and a large nucleus that can be circular, beanlike, etc.
A lymphocyte is a circular cell with a variable size
and a relatively large circular nucleus. Lymphocytes
are formed from lymphoblasts in bone marrow, where
the remaining blood cells are formed, and exhibit sev-
eral divisions in the course of maturation.
A thrombocyte is a relatively small circular or oval
nucleus-free cell. In this work, we construct an elec-
trodynamic model of the interaction of laser radiation
with blood cells for the prediction of the electrophysi-
Study of Electrophysical Characteristics
of Blood Formed Elements Using Intracavity Laser Spectroscopy.
I. Simulation of Light-Scattering by an Ensemble of Biological Cells
with Complicated Structures
K. G. Kulikov
St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
e-mail: kulikov_kg@hotbox.ru
Received September 30, 2013
Abstract—Optical characteristics of an ensemble of arbitrarily oriented particles are studied in an optical
cavity. The study is based on the self-consistent conjugation with respect to nonuniform optical cavities with
the results of scattering by an ensemble of arbitrarily oriented spherical particles with different shapes and
structures. A new electrodynamic model for the interaction of laser radiation with blood cells is constructed
with allowance for the structure of cells for the prediction of optical properties in vivo.
DOI: 10.1134/S1063784214040173
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