are types of vertical jumps, and constitute the most
useable tests for the assessment of the neuromuscular
coordination of athletes (Claudino et al., 2017). In
addition, CMJ is used for the assessment of the fitness
level of injured athletes after rehabilitation periods,
and for detecting their fitness to return to play (Clan-
ton, Matheny, Jarvis, & Jeronimus, 2012; Henderson,
Barnes, & Portas, 2010; Olsson et al., 2013). Force-
time (F-T) curve variables of CMJ are utilised to assess
neuromuscular and biomechanical features related to
lower extremity dynamics (Claudino et al., 2017; Kol-
lias et al., 2001). Additionally, vertical jump tests are
performed in accordance to various aims, such as the
assessment of the developed force and power in elite ath-
letes who participate regularly in competitions (Cormie,
McGuigan, & Newton, 2010). McGinnis et al. (2016)
have used CMJ to assess the effect of fatigue on per-
formance. Olsson et al. (2013) showed that CMJ and
other types of jumps could be used for the assessment
and evaluation of athletes’ performances, after Achilles
tendon tears. Previous research studies have shown that
CMJ has an appropriate validity for assessing explosive
Introduction
Vertical jump is an integral part of preparation exercises
in most modern sports, and require high velocity and
power. Many research studies have focused on athletes’
vertical jumps, and especially on the attained height
(Runge, Rittweger, Russo, Schiessl, & Felsenberg, 2004;
Russo et al., 2003; Salles, Baltzopoulos, & Rittweger,
2011). Vertical jump is also used for assessing the
explosive power of lower extremities, forecasting, and
monitoring athletes. Force and power are known as rela-
tive factors of sport performance (Carlock et al., 2004;
Slinde, Suber, Surer, Edwén, & Svantesson, 2008).
Most of the previously published research studies
assessed lower extremity power by countermovement
jumps (CMJ) (Kollias, Hatzitaki, Papaiakovou, & Giat-
sis, 2001). CMJ, both free-handed and akimbo-style,
* Address for correspondence: Javad Sarvestan, Department of
Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and
Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, 15th St., North Karegar
St., 1417614418 Tehran, Iran. E-mail: javadsarvestan@ut.ac.ir
Relationships between force-time curve variables and jump height during
countermovement jumps in young elite volleyball players
Javad Sarvestan
1,
*, Mahdi Cheraghi
2
, Masoud Sebyani
1
, Elham Shirzad
1
, and Zdeněk Svoboda
3
1
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran;
2
Sport Biomechanics Center, National
Olympic and Paralympic Academy of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and
3
Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc,
Olomouc, Czech Republic
Copyright: © 2018 J. Sarvestan et al. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Background: The importance of vertical jumps has been extensively recognised in sports. Furthermore, the main
indicator of success in vertical jumps is the attained height, however, there is lack of knowledge on how the eccentric
and concentric force-time curve variables affect the jump height. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess
the relationships between eccentric and concentric variables of the force-time curve and jump height in youth vol-
leyball players. Methods: Twelve elite volleyball players (male, Iranian national youth volleyball players, 17 ± 0.7
years) have participated in this study. The correlations between the force-time variables, including the peak force,
relative peak force, peak power, average power, relative peak power, peak velocity, and modified reactive strength
index, of the eccentric and concentric phases and jump height have been assessed based on Pearson’s correlation
coefficient. Results: Results showed that the average power (r = .70, p = .034), relative peak power (r = .75, p = .029)
and peak velocity (r = .98, p = .004) of the concentric phase and modified reactive strength index (r = .83, p = .014)
significantly correlated with the jump height. Conclusions: Relative peak power and average power of the concentric
phase are shown to affect jump height in young volleyball players, whereby the vertical jump is their integral part.
Keywords: stretch-shortening cycle, CMJ, eccentric, concentric
Acta Gymnica, vol. 48, no. 1, 2018, 9–14
doi: 10.5507/ag.2018.003