Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6(7): 905-908, 2010
© 2010, INSInet Publication
Computerized Mathematical Model for Studying Geometric Shape and Stresses Applied
on the Pistons’ Rings of ICE.
Muntaser Momani, Sayel M. Fayyad, Suleiman Abu-Ein, Waleed Momani, and Hisham Mujafet
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology,
Al Balqa Applied University Amman – Jordan
PO Box 15008,
Abstract: This work presents a computerized model for studying the geometric shape and calculating
pressure (stress) applied on the piston’s ring on a given internal combustion engine. In addition the outer
radius of the piston ring in the Free State will be calculated using polar coordinate system; also the
maximum bending stresses created in the cross-section of the ring will be calculated. It is found that both
the outer radius and the pressure distribution (maximum bending stress) have a pear shape geometry and
the pressure has a maximum values as the radius becomes minimum as a function of the rotational angle
¸.
Key words: internal combustion engine, ring, stress distribution, piston, Free State radius.
INTRODUCTION
The geometry of the pistons ring depends mostly
on the pressure distribution applied on the internal
surface of the cylinder, i. e. on the form of pressure
distribution of the piston ring. It is known that piston
rings have a pressure distribution of (pear shape) in
polar coordinates, and this shape is the best distribution
form since it can resist diametrical vibrations and
strains. Little researches discussed this issue. H. Ahmad
et al.
[2]
, pressures exerted by 15 in diameter rings
closed to a circular shape by 36 point loads were
measured with strain gauges. Departures from the
theoretical open shape and from a circle when closed
by tangential end forces, which simulated uniform
pressure, did not predict the variations in local
pressure. Double integration of pressures around the
rings led to the open shape defects of the same order
of magnitude as the measured values. Variations in
local pressure exerted by actual piston rings can only
be determined by direct, multipoint measurement[2]. S.
M. Altukhov,
[3]
. The pressure forcing a piston ring
against the cylinder wall is made up of the gas
pressure and the pressure due to the elastic forces in
the ring was discussed [3]. D. Walker et al.
[1]
described a simplified multianvil system for high
pressure and high temperature experiments based on the
well-established octahedron-within-cubes geometry in
use in many other laboratories. Departures in designer
from previous devices using this geometry include use
of a loose supporting ring that accommodates
appreciable elastic strain under loading from within by
an unanchored cylindrical cluster of removable tool
steel wedges, choice of height to diameter of the
cylindrical cluster of wedges so that the negative cube
geometry of the interior cavity that they surround does
not have its angular relationships distorted under
appreciable strain, casting of composite gasket materials
directly upon low porosity octahedral pressure
media[1]. Krisada et al.
[5]
, the compression ignition
engine fueled by natural gas or Diesel Dual Fuel
engine was a promising engine for the future with a
higher oil price. Unfortunately, the DDF engine knock
easily: this leads to damage of a piston. So, the
understanding of the piston motion in the knock
situation is crucial for the safe DDF engine operation.
This is the first implementation of piston dynamic
study focusing on the motion of the piston of DDF
engine under knock situation. The simulation model
was developed recently by this research group. Two
sets of cylinder pressure data: original diesel mode and
DDF mode under knock situation were used as input
for the model. The results showed that the model can
contribute the understanding of tribological phenomena
of the piston lubrication. A higher peak cylinder
pressure slightly increases the piston lateral motion, tilt
angle, side force, and impact force. Hence, the forces
from piston dynamic are not the main factor of the
piston damage under the knock situation [5].
The mean (average) pressure of the pistons ring on
the internal surface of the cylinder can be given as[4]:
Corresponding Author: Muntaser Momani, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology,
Al Balqa Applied University Amman – Jordan
PO Box 15008,
E-mail: drsuleiman@hotmail.com
905