Civil Engineering and Architecture 8(3): 371-378, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2020.080322
Conceptualising 'Smart' and 'Green' Public Open
Spaces; Investigating Redesign Patterns
for Greek Cities
Aspa Gospodini
*
, Stella Manika
Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece
Received April 21, 2020; Revised May 27, 2020; Accepted June 23, 2020
Copyright ©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract This paper deals with improving the quality
of public open space in densely built and declining inner
city areas. It investigates the potentials of ‘smart’ and
‘green’ redesign of public open space for enhancing public
realm and the quality of life. Smart redesign of public open
space entails the transformation of public open space into
an inclusionary intelligent civic arena which allows
citizens to have both face-to-face contact and interaction,
and virtual communication by means of free community
electronic equipment of space and e-services. Green
redesign includes the refurbishing of public open space
using green technologies and energy saving elements and
equipment. The paper explores the amalgamation of
‘smart’ and ‘green’ design approaches and the
development of a dynamic ‘smart & green’ public open
space and networked communities as catalysts to handle
declining inner city neighborhoods. The thinking behind
this approach lies in the urgent need for transformation of
unused and meaningless private plots into common
semi-public open space within urban blocks in shrinking
urban units. Accordingly, we argue that this need reflects a
potential double gain, a win-win scenario for
simultaneously (a) raising awareness of spatial
disadvantages in central urban areas, and (b) enhancing
quality of life. Thus, in a broader perspective, urban
shrinking units will potentially become more attractive and
will gain a stronger economic and social identity. The
paper investigates redesign patterns for Greek cities and
presents a pilot study for cities of Volos and Larissa.
Keywords Public Open Space, Smart Growth, Green
Redesign, Greek Cities
1. Introduction - Greek Cities;
Development Process, Urban
Morphology, and Spatial
Disadvantages
In the second half of the 20th century – in the ‘50s, ‘60s
and ‘70s – the rapid economic growth of large Greek cities
has been fueling extensive internal migration from agrarian
districts towards urban areas. Large Greek cities have
experienced rapid and under-regulated spatial expansion,
often characterized by informal housing in urban periphery.
For many decades, the urbanization process, that is, urban
design and planning, has been confined to soft state
interventions: On the one hand, as far as private land is
concerned, urban development has been regulated only
through building legislation while master plans were only
controlling land uses and densities and determining the
basic shape of the street system [1]. Minimal state
intervention in conjunction with land divisions into
small-sized private properties produced a step-by-step
urban development process and not a holistic redesigning.
This type of land division– literally a property-by-property
urban design—was carried out often without much
consideration of neighboring properties or/and structural
spatial entities such as the street, the urban square, the
urban block, or the larger area.
In this context, the landscape in contemporary Greek
cities is predominantly characterised by ‘over-fragmented’
and ‘collage-like’ morphology [2], (see Figure 1). On the
other hand, as far as public land is concerned, for many
decades master plans have been providing Greek cities
with minimum standards of public open spaces and public
amenities (squares, parks, children playgrounds, and the
like). Such a process of urban development can explain
many of the spatial disadvantages in contemporary Greek
cities: That is, inner city areas, structured by the perimeter