~ 1096 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(3): 1096-1099 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2017; 5(3): 1096-1099 © 2017 JEZS Received: 02-03-2017 Accepted: 03-04-2017 Faranak Firoozfar (A). Department of public health, faculty of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran (B). Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public Health, University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Abbas Bahrami Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Mustapha Ahmed Yusuf Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Correspondence Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public Health, University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Mortality effects of Amphotericin B on House Fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) under Laboratory Conditions Faranak Firoozfar, Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi, Abbas Bahrami and Mustapha Ahmed Yusuf Abstract House fly, Musca domestica, is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha, (Diptera: Muscidae). It is a cosmopolitan pest that carries pathogens on its body, faeces and can cause food borne illnesses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Amphotericin B on house flies using specific tools such as poison baits. The concentrations of poison baits used were 0.5%, 1%, 1. 5% and 2%. Amphotericin B -based bait was used as positive control while the no bait (water, sugar syrup and granular sugar only) was used as negative control. Post feeding, 9.88%, 10%, 12.2%, 12%, and 12.23% of house flies were found dead after 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days follow up respectively. Amphotericin B significantly reduced the density of house flies. We recommend that the effectiveness of Amphotericin B on wild strains of house flies and other nuisance insects such as cockroaches be investigated in future. Keywords: Musca domestica, Amphotericin B, Insectarium, Transmission, Mortality 1. Introduction Musca domestica (house fly) is a cosmopolitan pest to both humans and animals. It transmits infectious disease of public health importance. House flies are not only nuisance, but they can also vector some diseases, especially in tropical areas [1] . This common fly (house fly) originated from central Asia, but now lives in many climates from tropical to subtropical regions [2] . House flies are considered to be mechanical and biological vectors of pathogenic microbes [3, 4] . This species do not bite but transmits many pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasitic worms. Previous studies showed that house flies are reservoirs of some pathogens and diseases such as Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Escherichia coli-labile toxin, Entrococus, Salmonella, Bacillus anthracis, Shigellosis, tuberculosis, typhoid bacilli, Vibrio Cholera, intestinal and urogenitaly worms [5-8] . Amphotericin B is an antifungal polyene antibiotic obtained from a strain of Streptomyces nodosus. This drug is used primarily for the treatment of patients with progressive and potential life-threatening fungal infections [9] . On the other hand, this drug has toxic side effects [10] . There are more practical and common control measures for house flies other than Amphotericine B such as sanitation, use of traps, insecticides, biological control, and garbage sanitation [11] . Poison baits are effective if located in suitable, attractive, and odor free places [12] . Previous studies showed some chemical compounds used as poison baits such as Tetrodotoxin nervous system blocker caused rapid and violent death amongst house flies [13-15] . Other chemical agents include disinfectants, plant extracts, organic acids, and antifungal drugs, e.g. AmB. However, veterinarian regulations do not allow the use of antibiotics in the treatment of Nosema spp. in Europe, there is an increasing problem with the invasion of Nosema ceranae in Europe and there are bee’s populations that are kept and must not be lost [16-18] . In order to safely use AmB on humans and also to enable it restricted use on bees (the lesser evil), we have to learn more about the functions and mechanism of action of this drug in living organisms. Sub-lethal effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on cockroaches have been investigated and the study suggested that TTX can be very useful in the analysis of sub-cellular nature of sodium channels