Research Article Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana Bhavana Singh , 1,2 Linda Batsa Debrah, 1 Godfred Acheampong, 3 and Alexander Yaw Debrah 4 1 Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 2 University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 3 Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 4 Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Correspondence should be addressed to Bhavana Singh; littlebhavanasingh@gmail.com Received 21 November 2020; Revised 4 March 2021; Accepted 22 March 2021; Published 5 April 2021 Academic Editor: David Baker Copyright © 2021 Bhavana Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education (cOR = 1:9, 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p =0:020) and contact with cats (cOR = 1:7, 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p =0:030) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection (aOR = 1:8, 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p =0:034) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM (κ =0:304) and RDT-IgG (κ =0:201). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed. 1. Introduction Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). It is widely distributed and can affect humans, pets, and livestock [1]. In a general population, T. gondii infection can remain asymptomatic but can also cause lymphadenopathy and flu-like symptoms, which may lead to eye disease, most fre- quently chorioretinitis [2]. The parasite in its inactive state remains in an individual without presentable signs but flares up upon immunosuppression [3, 4]. Pregnant women constitute a specific risk group, and pri- mary infection may be acquired during pregnancy that may lead to abortion, stillbirth, and neurological disorders in the Hindawi Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 2021, Article ID 6670219, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6670219