Obesity Research & Clinical Practice (2013) 7, e89—e94 REVIEW Mini review on fructose metabolism M. Akram a,* , Abdul Hamid b a Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan b Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Received 14 September 2012 ; received in revised form 1 November 2012; accepted 27 November 2012 KEYWORDS Fructose; Associated disorders Summary Fructose is a monosaccharide and reducing sugar. It is present in sucrose and honey. Researchers around the world have come together in a just-published study that offers new ideas about how fructose consumption results in obesity and metabolic syndrome, which can lead to diabetes. In this review, we discuss that how fructose causes fatty liver, obesity and insulin resistance. We also discuss the effects of consumption of high fructose corn syrup, dietary fructose, fructose- induced changes in metabolism. © 2012 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction.................................................................................................. 90 Biomedical importance of fructose ........................................................................... 90 Sources of fructose........................................................................................... 90 Fructose metabolism in liver ................................................................................. 90 Kinetic of fructose metabolism............................................................................... 90 Fructose metabolism in muscles .............................................................................. 90 Fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria) ............................................................... 91 Hereditary fructose intolerance .............................................................................. 91 Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity............ 91 Dietary fructose and glucose differentially affect lipid and glucose homeostasis ............................. 91 Female rats are protected against fructose-induced changes in metabolism and blood pressure .............. 92 Fructose ingestion: dose-dependent responses in health research ............................................ 92 Fructose and hyperuricemia .................................................................................. 92 Fructose and metabolic syndrome ............................................................................ 92 Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity ......................................... 92 ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +92 3343367632. E-mail addresses: makram 0451@yahoo.com, makram 0451@hotmail.com (M. Akram). 1871-403X/$ — see front matter © 2012 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.11.002