AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science. 2020. 42(2): 360-366 AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science www.agrivita.ub.ac.id 360 INTRODUCTION In evaluating the interactions between organisms, ecologists are often interested in whether the performance of an individual species by itself (in a monoculture) is diferent from the performance of that species when other species are present (in a polyculture) (Bracken, 2019). Monoculture and polyculture practices are two distinctive production systems. We hypothesize that polyculture farming hosts a greater diversity of species. Habitat complexity in smallholdings is infuenced by multiple farming practices (i.e. polyculture and monoculture) (Syafq et al., 2016) and ofer competitive business opportunities for small-scale farmers. These contribute to biodiversity conservation (Jezeer, Verweij, Santos, & Boot, 2017), potentially increase farmers’ income (Morgan-Davies, Wilson, & Waterhouse, 2017). Our previous study also proved that the polyculture system positively afects land productivity and land-use efciency (Sabang, Agus, Bulkis, & Arsyad, 2019) in the agriculture sector. Consumer demands for agricultural products have directed the agricultural practices to take any necessary eforts to maximize plant harvest. These are achieved through the increase of planting/harvest (extensifcation) area and productivity and yield per unit planted area (intensifcation). Intensifcation was employed by using high-yield crop varieties, fertilization, irrigation, and pesticides, and these systematic practice has contributed substantially to the tremendous increases in food production over the past 50 years. Land conversion and intensifcation, however, also alter the biotic interactions and patterns of resource availability in ecosystems that can have serious local, regional, and global ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Farmer’s income Farming system Intercropping Monoculture Article History: Received: May 4, 2020 Accepted: June 17, 2020 * ) Corresponding author: E-mail: arsyad@unhas.ac.id ABSTRACT Agriculture cultivation systems and farmer’s income are the crucial issues in many agriculture-based developing countries. Our previous study proved that the polyculture system positively afects land productivity and land-use efciency. This research investigated the relationship between intercropping farming systems and farmer’s income. We hypothesized that the intercropping farming system increases farmer’s income compared to monoculture. The farming income analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and STATA software. The results showed that the farmer’s income derived from the intercropping farming system difers from monoculture. Based on the T-test, the intercropping farming system provided a higher income. Intercropping farming systems that have higher plant diversity, contributed to higher farmer income from diferent plant yields. Farmers that applied the intercropping system would harvest of 2-3 diferent plants from one cultivated land at the same time with regular planting distance. These indicated that the intercropping farming system reduces the risk of loss due to price fuctuations of products and the higher input costs during the production process. ISSN: 0126-0537 Accredited First Grade by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of The Republic of Indonesia, Decree No: 30/E/KPT/2018 Cite this as: Arsyad, M., Sabang, Y., Agus, N., Bulkis, S., & Kawamura, Y. (2020). Intercropping farming system and farmers income. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 42(2), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita. v42i2.2724 Intercropping Farming System and Farmers Income Muhammad Arsyad 1*) , Yusmiati Sabang 2) , Nurariaty Agus 3) , Sitti Bulkis 1) , and Yoshio Kawamura 4) 1) Department of Agricultural Socio-economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 2) Graduate School, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 3) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 4) Kyoto Prefectural College of Agriculture and Ryukoku Extension Center, Ryukoku University, Kyoto 623-0221, Japan