Citation: Moure Abelenda, A.;
Amaechi, C.V. Manufacturing of a
Granular Fertilizer Based on Organic
Slurry and Hardening Agent.
Inventions 2022, 7, 26. https://
doi.org/10.3390/inventions7010026
Academic Editor: Emin Bayraktar
Received: 31 December 2021
Accepted: 4 February 2022
Published: 17 February 2022
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inventions
Article
Manufacturing of a Granular Fertilizer Based on Organic Slurry
and Hardening Agent
Alejandro Moure Abelenda
1,
* and Chiemela Victor Amaechi
1,2,
*
1
Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
2
Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), 52 Lome Crescent, Wuse Zone 7, Abuja 900287, Nigeria
* Correspondence: alejandro.moure.abelenda@gmail.com (A.M.A.); c.amaechi@lancaster.ac.uk (C.V.A.);
Tel.: +34-650222342 (A.M.A.); +44-7946100862 (C.V.A.)
Abstract: The manufacturing of a granular fertilizer based on organic slurry (OS) and sorptive
materials aims to enhance the circular economy. This article describes a technology that was conceived
after appraising the chemistry of the anaerobic digestate and wood ash and the synergies of combining
both materials. The information available in the literature about similar materials such as cattle
slurry and lime was also considered to build a better understanding of the underlying science. The
processes and machinery designed were optimized from the points of view of energy and material
consumption, cost of storage, transportation and land application. The system was sized to process
1 tonne of OS (97% moisture) in a 10 h batch-shift, consuming 140 kg of wood pellets and 0.55 kW
of electricity for the fan blowing preheated air. The results of the market research allowed us to
reach the most economically viable routes for the commercialization of granular fertilizers. Based
on the financial study, an initial investment of GBP 20,000 is needed to successfully implement the
value proposition and business plan. The wide adoption of the composite fertilizer improves the
management of the OS and reduces the contamination of air, soil, and water derived from intensive
agricultural practices.
Keywords: waste valorization; fluidized bed drier; ammonia sorption; pelletization; granulation;
slow release; nutrients recovery; composite fertilizer; market research; business plan
1. Introduction
Recent developments of fertilizers and manures for application in farmlands have
increased in recent times. This includes the manufacture of granular fertilizers, application
of anaerobic digesters and utilization of manures. There are several factors that promote
the implementation of manure treatment techniques, such as anaerobic digestion (AD),
in farms [1]. These factors include pressure from policies and regulations; the ease of the
export of manure off the farm; the production of bioenergy; the increase in the price of
chemical fertilizers; the potential income due to the sale of processed products; and the
control of diseases, pathogen and odors.
According to Hou et al. [1], on-site manure treatment is applicable to farms with more
than 50 livestock units. Technologies such as AD and drying (pelletizing) are perceived
by the stakeholders of the agro-industry as only applicable at an industrial scale or farm
cooperatives. However, mechanical solid–liquid separation can be implemented at a lower
scale. The present study aims to promote the acceptance of technologies for the valorization
and downstream processing of the OS at a farm level to avoid the unnecessary cost of
storage and transportation of a large volume of OS.
Currently, much more animal manure is applied to land as a soil amendment than
an anaerobic digestate because of the high capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational
expenditure (OPEX) associated with the implementation of AD in the farms [1]. In 2008,
the EU27 produced 259 million tonnes of municipal solid waste [2], and the organic
Inventions 2022, 7, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7010026 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/inventions