International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) ISSN (Online): 2319-8028, ISSN (Print):2319-801X www.ijbmi.org || Volume 11 Issue 2 Ser. I || February 2022 || PP 01-12 DOI: 10.35629/8028-1102010112 www.ijbmi.org 1 | Page Content Analysis of Studies on Presenteeism in Healthcare Workers Önlen Burcu Güngör, Söyük Selma, Yılmaz Salim Corresponding Author: Selma Söyük. Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Health Management ABSTRACT: To do a research on presenteeism, which is defined as the inability to give oneself to work while being physically at work, which also shows an increase in the health sector, one of the sectors where human labor is intensive. In this study, it is aimed to examine the studies on presenteeism among healthcare workers in the international literature in terms of sample group, number of samples, country of research, scale used, data collection methods, research method (quantitative/qualitative), compared subjects and results obtained. Till 2021, 84 articles were published on presenteeism among healthcare workers, which were determined by scanning in the Web of Science (WoS) database, and they have been examined within the scope of the study. The findings have been analyzed through descriptive content analysis, by qualitative research methods. It is seen that the studies focus on determining the relationship between presenteeism and main issues such as personnel and organizational factors, low back pain/musculoskeletal system disorders, social support, burnout, patient safety. It has been determined that the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6), One-Question Presenteeism Questionnaire, World Health Organization (WHO) Health and Work Performance Questionnaire and Burnout Scale have been frequently used as data collection tools in the studies. As a result of the study, it has determined that presenteeism is widely seen among health workers, and studies on presenteeism have been mainly carried out among nurses. KEY WORD: Presenteeism, Healthcare Workers, Content Analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 05-02-2022 Date of Acceptance: 18-02-2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ‘When you wake up in the morning, you don’t feel the same as usual. This may be due to a flu, a seasonal allergy such as hay fever, a headache caused by migraine or premenstrual syndrome. You wish to stay home and have some rest, but you also have your reasons to go to work. It may come from the fact that you don't want backlog, or just because you're worried that they may fire you. Therefore, somehow you make an effort to go to work for whatever is the reason. In this case, even if you go to work, you may feel sluggish and lethargic there, it will be difficult to concentrate and your work efficiency will decrease. Your manager, even your colleagues, will notice the decrease in your work efficiency.’ The scenario above was prepared by Hooper (2015) to explain the concept of 'presenteeism' used for workers who go to work even though they are sick (Moç, 2018; Balcı, 2016). The fact that workers go to work despite being sick is called 'presenteeism' in the literature (Halbesleben et al., 2004). Presenteeism was first conceptualized in the 1990s by Professor Cary Cooper, Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health at the University of Manchester, UK.1 The word 'presence' means availability, existence, inbeing in English. The concept of presenteeism is derived from the word 'presence' and means being in a place, either in sight or just physically (Çiftçi, 2010). Presenteeism is basically defined as the fact that the employee is solely physically at work but not functionally, being in a different place spiritually, therefore not being able to perform duly (Cooper & Lu, 2016). Presenteeism is used with Turkish equivalents such as 'not being (able to be) present at work' (Çiftçi, 2010), 'not being able to give oneself to work' (Balcı, 2016), 'involuntary presence' (Şanlımeşhur, 2018), 'so-called presence' (Moç, 2018) in the literature. In addition to chronic diseases, physical health problems such as migraine headaches, seasonal allergies, and cold/flu may cause presenteeism (Burton et al., 204; Howard et al., 2012). Although presenteeism is mostly associated with workers with physical health problems, presenteeism is also about the workers who are physically healthy but cannot be spiritually at work due to psychological or organizational reasons. The fact that workers with low organizational commitment do not give their all attention to work completely, and keep themselves busy with issues unrelated to the work, they may send e-mails to friends while at work, pay personal bills, make personal appointments, spend time on the Internet or listen to music and these factors also cause presenteeism (Söyük, 2020; d’abate et al., 2007).