International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2015) 287 Automation in Air Traffic Control using ZigBee and Ultrasonic Radar Nandini Ammanagi 1 , Yogesh Prajapati 2 , Hardeep Purswani 3 , Milesh Janyani 4 , Atharva Nandurdikar 5 1 Assistant Professor, 2,3,4,5 UG Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Vivekanand Education Society Institute of Technology, Chembur, Maharashtra, India Abstract— This paper is mainly proposed for automation in monitoring system of air traffic and avoidance of aircraft avionic accidents. In recent years, lots of air-plane crashes were happened because of poor weather conditions, false Degree of Freedom[9] and miscommunication between ground station operator and pilot. Therefore to replace human intervention by introducing automated system to provide safety and secure runway along with advanced monitoring system this prototype has been developed[2]. Keywords— Air Traffic Control (ATC), Accelerometer sensor, Degree of freedom, Light dependent resistors (LDRs), Micro-controller, Thermistor, Ultrasonic radar sensor, Visual basic, ZigBee. I. INTRODUCTION The Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower is located in or near the aerodrome and usually has visual contact with aircraft. Tower may consist of a local controller, a ground control and a clearance delivery. The local controller is responsible for all traffic within the control zone and on the runways, the ground controller for all traffic on the taxiways. In case no delivery exists ground takes up this duty. If there is only a local controller he has all duties including clearance delivery and ground control. On non- controlled airports the tower is normally called Info. Info is not allowed to instruct pilots, but may provide all kind of information and especially traffic information to the pilot . In certain cases there are many avionic accidents because of bad weather, temperature variation around the aircraft, false degree of freedom and also due to miscommunication between the base station operator and pilot which results into big air crash accidents. This can be due to lack of training, poor radio protocol, insufficient availability of parameters about running aircrafts and due to squelched messages or wrong information which may also cause runway incursions while landing[1]. The degree of freedom also known as critical flight dynamics which includes yaw, roll and pitch is explained in the figure Figure 1: Degree of Freedom [10]. • Imagine three lines running through an airplane and intersecting at right angles at the airplane’s center of gravity. • Rotation around the front-to-back axis is called roll. • Rotation around the side-to-side axis is called pitch. • Rotation around the vertical axis is called yaw[9]. Therefore, to observe the body axis force ie.,yaw, roll, and pitch accelerometer is used and also to make the maximum data available at the base station controller using intelligent wireless system which reduces the manpower and air traffic congestion this paper has been proposed[3]. Thus, by making use of wireless technologies like Zigbee to transmit and receive the signals from both plane and ground station. Ultrasonic RADAR is used to analyze and detect the signals coming from the plane and to detect the obstacle providing the details of clearance area an automated system is achieved[1]. II. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE The entire prototype can be divided into two modules:  Aircraft module  Base or Ground Station Controller (ATC) module