Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02458-5
ORIGINAL PAPER
Performance analysis of a hybrid wind/photovoltaic power generation
system for water pumping
A. A. Jadallah
1
· Z. Er
2
· Z. A. Abdulqader
3
Received: 19 September 2018 / Revised: 22 June 2019 / Accepted: 26 June 2019
© Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2019
Abstract
This paper is devoted to assess the possibility of using a hybrid wind/PV system for water pumping in Iraq. A hybrid wind/
photovoltaic system was analyzed based on available wind speed records and annual solar radiation in Baghdad terminals,
Iraq, as a case study. A small-scale hybrid wind/PV system is considered and modeled with an adapted to reveal the daily
water discharge in terms of the operating conditions. To do so, a computer code written in MATLAB was built to simulate
the performance of the proposed system. The system was tested on May 21, 2017, in Baghdad (33°33′N 44°44E). Efect of
critical performance parameters such as well depth, ambient temperature, solar radiation intensity and wind turbine rotor
confguration was refected on productivity of the considered system.
Keywords Power generation · Photovoltaic module · Simulation · Water pumping · Water discharge · MATLAB · Csharp
List of symbols
C
p
Power coefcient (–)
λ Tip speed ratio (–)
β Pitch angle (°)
I Current (A)
I
M
Module current (A)
V Voltage (V)
V
M
Module voltage (V)
I
ph
Photon current (A)
I
o
Dark saturation current (A)
E Electron charge (J/V)
R
s
Series resistance (Ω)
R
sh
Shunt resistance (Ω)
N Diode ideality factor (–)
T
c
Cell temperature (K)
I
sc
Short-circuit current (A)
V
oc
Open-circuit voltage (V)
P Power (W)
Ρ Air density (kg/m
3
)
Ρ
w
Water density (kg/m
3
)
A Swept area (m
2
)
U
oo
Free stream wind velocity (m/s)
Ƞ
e
Electrical efciency (–)
ƞ
p
Pump efciency (–)
G Gravity (m/s
2
)
H Well head (m)
Q Water discharge (m
3
/day)
P
p
Pump power (W)
Introduction
Wind/photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system leads to improving
the available energy capture, increasing the reliability of sys-
tem and decreasing the maintenance (Freris 1990; Miranda
et al. 1999; Vick and Clark 2016; Bernal-Agustín et al. 2008).
Hybrid energy systems have been approved to be infuential
for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels, as well as sup-
plying energy for electrifcation, water pumping and others to
remote rural areas without harming the environment and thus
are helpful in mitigating (greenhouse gas) GHG emissions.
Zhou et al. (2010) reviewed the current state of the simulation,
Editorial responsibility: iskender AKKURT.
A. A. Jadallah and Z. Er contributed equally to this work.
* Z. Er
erzuh@itu.edu.tr
1
Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University
of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Physics Engineering Department (13b), Istanbul Technical
University, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Ministry of Finance, Baghdad, Iraq