Research Article Associations of Trauma Severity with Mean Platelet Volume and Levels of Systemic Inflammatory Markers (IL1, IL6, TNF, and CRP) Baris Alper, 1 Baris Erdogan, 2 Mehmet Özgür Erdogan, 3 Korkut Bozan, 4 and Murat Can 5 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Klinikum F¨ urth Zentrale Notaufnahme, 90766 F¨ urth, Germany 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Medipol University Healthcare and Research Center Esenler Hospital, 34230 Istanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, G¨ oztepe Medicalpark Hospital, 34732 Istanbul, Turkey 5 Department of Biochemistry, Bulent Ecevit University Hospital, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey Correspondence should be addressed to Mehmet ¨ Ozg¨ ur Erdogan; ozgurtheerdogan@mynet.com Received 23 February 2016; Accepted 24 March 2016 Academic Editor: Luca Cantarini Copyright © 2016 Baris Alper et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We investigated the associations of injury severity scores (ISSs) with the mean platelet volume, the serum levels of two interleukins (IL1 and IL6), and the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor- (TNF) and C-reactive protein (CRP). We sought to identify biochemical parameters that could be used as components of a new biochemical parameter-based ISS system. Te levels of CRP, TNF, IL1, and IL6 difered signifcantly (all  values < 0.05) between severely injured patients and controls. Te mean platelet volume (MPV) did not correlate with the ISSs (> 0.05). Te TNF and IL6 levels were useful for determining the severity of injury, and the CRP level was elevated in all trauma patients but did not correlate with the ISS. Te IL1 level was higher in the study group but did not increase as the ISS increased. IL6 and TNF levels were higher in the study group and increased as the ISS increased. We found no signifcant diference between the trauma group and healthy individuals in terms of MPV values. IL6 and TNF levels can be used to assess trauma severity. However, neither the MPV nor the CRP or IL1 level is useful for this purpose. 1. Introduction Trauma is the most common cause of death in young individuals, and it is the third most common cause of death for individuals of all ages [1]. Half of all deaths caused by trauma occur at the scenes of accidents; the rest occur within the following hours or days [2, 3]. Tus, early evaluation of such patients and correct determination of trauma severity are crucial. Trauma-scoring systems have been developed to manage such patients efectively, but the current systems do not fea- ture biochemical markers despite the fact that several blood markers are associated with trauma severity and mortality. In this prospective work, we sought to identify correlations between the injury severity score (ISS), on the one hand, and the mean platelet volume (MPV) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)1, IL6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), on the other. We tried to identify biochemical parameters that could serve as components of a new biochemical parameter-based ISS system. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Human Experimental Protocol 2.1.1. Study Groups. Tis study was performed between 15 March 2014 and 15 July 2015 in the Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, afer the Hospital Ethics Committee approved the research. All included patients provided written informed consent. A total of 84 patients with multiple traumas, aged 18–65 years, were included. Age, gender, blood pressure, heart Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2016, Article ID 9894716, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9894716