Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 157 (2017) 464–472 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/colsurfb Full length article p,p’-Methoxyl-diphenyl diselenideincorporation into polymeric nanocapsules improves its antinociceptive action: Physicochemical and behavioral studies Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari a , Luana Mota Ferreira b , Vanessa AngonesiZborowski a , Paulo Cesar Oliveira Araujo a , Jessica Mendes Nadal c , Paulo Vitor Farago c , Letícia Cruz b , Cristina Wayne Nogueira a,∗ a Programa de Pós-graduac ¸ ão em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliac ¸ ão Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Zip code 97105-900, RS, Brazil b Programa de Pós-graduac ¸ ão em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica. Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Zip code 97105-900, RS, Brazil c Programa de Pós-graduac ¸ ão em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Zip code 84030-900, PR, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 30 March 2017 Received in revised form 16 June 2017 Accepted 18 June 2017 Available online 20 June 2017 Keywords: Selenium Organoselenium Nanotechnology Nociception Mice a b s t r a c t The p,p’-methoxyl-diphenyl diselenide [(OMePhSe)2] is an, organoselenium compound that elicits antinociceptive action in different, animal models of pain. However, the compound has physicochem- ical, Limitations that delay its clinical studies. Herein, (OMePhSe)2, nanocapsules were developed and their physicochemical properties were, analyzed using different techniques (Scanning electron microscopy with, field emissionguns, wide-angle X-ray diffractometry, fourier-transform, infrared spec- troscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential, scanning calorimetry). The antinociceptive action of (OMePhSe)2 free or, nanoencapsulated was evaluated in an animal model of thermal nocicep- tion., The (OMePhSe)2 nanocapsules or the free compound (25 mg/kg, 10 ml/kg), were administered to Swiss mice by the intragastric (i.g.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) route in a single or, repeated administration regimen. The (OMePhSe)2 nanocapsules had, spherical shape, no chemical interaction among the formulation components, and high thermal stability. Treatment with (OMePhSe)2 elicited an, antinociceptive action independent of the administration route and, regimen schedule. The (OMePhSe)2 incorporation into nanocapsules, prolonged and improved the compound antinociceptive action. The, (OMePhSe)2 antinociceptive action was influenced by the route of, administration (intragas- tric > intraperitoneal > subcutaneous) and by the, vehicle used (NCs > canola oil). Altogether, the current study, demonstrated that the (OMePhSe)2 nanoencapsulation increased the compound, thermal stability and the antinociceptive action in mice, suggesting that, the polymeric nanocapsules provided advantages in comparison to the free, compound form. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Pain management is a worldwide health problem [1,2] because it is a symptom associated with almost every medical condi- tion [3,4]. The analgesic pharmacotherapy compromises not only the classical pain-killer drugs (i.e., opiod and non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs) but also adjuvant medications used as an ∗ Corresponding author at: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail address: criswn@ufsm.br (C.W. Nogueira). add-on therapy in the management of intractable pain [5]. How- ever, these pharmacological agents are not fully effective in a significant proportion of patients and have some concerns about the safety use, unplesant side effects and limited bioavailability. Such limitations reinforce the interest in the development of new alternatives with improved therapeutic index [5,6]. The nanotechnology field has exponentially progressed and has become a major research interest in different areas, including the pharmaceutical industry [7]. In this sense, the nanotechnology application aiming to develop nanocarrier systems for target drug delivery is considered the future of pharmacological therapy [8]. Among the nanocarrier systems, the polymeric nanocapsules for- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.016 0927-7765/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.