Research Article HPLC-DAD Analysis, Antileishmanial, Antiproliferative, and Antibacterial Activities of Lacistema pubescens: An Amazonian Medicinal Plant Josiane Mello da Silva, 1 Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli, 2 Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto, 1 Elaine Soares Coimbra, 2 Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes, 3 Antônia Ribeiro, 1 and Elita Scio 1 1 Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Jos´ e Lourenc ¸o Kelmer, s/n, S˜ ao Pedro, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 2 Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antˆ onio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Elita Scio; elita.scio@uff.edu.br Received 13 February 2014; Revised 27 June 2014; Accepted 17 July 2014; Published 7 August 2014 Academic Editor: F´ atima Ribeiro-Dias Copyright © 2014 Josiane Mello da Silva et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Species of the genus Lacistema are traditionally used by Brazilian and Peruvian indigenous communities. Te present study investigated the in vitro antileishmanial activity against several Leishmania species, cytotoxicity in murine peritoneal macrophages, antiproliferative activity against HL60 and Jurkat cells, and antibacterial activities against seven bacteria strains of the aerial parts of the methanolic crude extract and fractions of Lacistema pubescens. In addition, their chemical profle was also evaluated. Hexane fraction showed the most signifcant IC 50 values against all promastigotes of Leishmania species tested, except for L. chagasi (IC 50 = 4.2 g/mL for L. major and IC 50 = 3.5 g/mL for L. amazonensis). Tis fraction also exhibited a strong activity against amastigotes of L. amazonensis (IC 50 = 6.9 g/mL). Te antiproliferative activity was also observed for methanolic extract and hexane fraction with IC 50 = 47.2 g/mL and IC 50 = 39.7 g/mL for HL60, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the overall antibacterial activity was not very signifcative. Phytol and sitosterol were identifed in the methanolic extract. Additionally, previous studies also revealed the presence of those compounds in the hexane fraction. Among other compounds, phytol and sitosterol were probably involved in the antileishmanial and cytotoxicity activities observed in this study. 1. Introduction Te family Lacistemataceae is represented by the genera Lacistema and Lozania with about 11 and 4 species, respec- tively [1]. Some species of Lacistema are traditionally used by Brazilian indigenous from Amazon against rheumatism, vomiting, dysentery, body aches, and fever [2–4]. A list of the Peruvian Amazonian plants used for medicinal purposes also mentioned Lacistema sp. to combat rheumatism and as antipyretic [4]. In addition, some studies had shown the potential pharmacological properties of some Lacistema species such as antiplasmodial [4], antimutagenic [5], anti- fungal [6], and antiviral [7]. Originally from Brazil, Lacistema pubescens Mart. is widely distributed in other countries such as Bolivia, Guyana, and Venezuela. In Brazil, it is known as “espeto vermelho,” “canela vermelha” [8, 9] “sab˜ aozinho” [10], and “cafezinho” [11]. Recently, it was evidenced that the leaves of L. pubescens present a potential antioxidant capacity, possibly correlated to phenolic compounds detected in this species [12]. Also, the antinociceptive and anti-infammatory activity of the hexane fraction of L. pubescens leaves were reported [13] confrming Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 545038, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/545038