Biogeographical and co-evolutionary origins of scarabaeine dung beetles: Mesozoic vicariance vs Cenozoic dispersal and dinosaur vs mammal dung ADRIAN L.V. DAVIS a , CLARKE H. SCHOLTZ & CATHERINE L. SOLE Scarab Research Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Tshwane/Pretoria, 0002 South Africa Dr Adrian L.V. Davis Scarab Research Unit, Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Private Bag X20 HATFIELD 0028 South Africa e-mail: adavis@zoology.up.ac.za Tel. 0027 12 420 2539 (landline) Tel. 0027 78 175 8441 (mobile) a Corresponding author