8th International IFAC Symposium on
Dynamics and Control of Process Systems
MW CONTROL OF CONTINUOUS POLYMER REACTORS
Pablo González and Jesús Alvarez
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
Depto. de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica
Apdo. 55534, 09340 México D.F, MÉXICO
Abstract: In this work, the problem of controlling (possibly open-loop unstable)
continuous free-radical solution polymer reactors with continuous measurements of
temperature, level and flows, and discrete-delayed measurements of molecular weight
(MW) is addressed. The point of departure is a previous control scheme with linear-
decentralized PI volume and temperature components, and a material balance conversion
component. Here, the problem of designing and incorporating a MW component driven
by discrete-delayed MW measurements is considered within a constructive framework.
The result is a four-input four-output control scheme that: (i) has linear decentralized PI-
type components with reduced model dependency, and (ii) recovers the behavior of a
controller driven by continuous measurements. The proposed approach is tested with a
representative example through simulations. Copyright © 2007 IFAC
Keywords: Polymerization reactor control, decentralized control, discrete measurements,
discrete estimator, chemical process control.
1. INTRODUCTION
A wide class of materials is produced in continuous
free-radical polymer reactors, which are highly
nonlinear dynamical systems with complex behavior:
strong and asymmetric input-output coupling,
multiplicity of steady-states, and parametric
sensitivity (Hamer et al. 1981). Industrially, these
reactors are controlled with volume and temperature
PI loops, and the conversion and molecular weight
(MW) are regulated by adjusting the monomer and
initiator (and/or transfer agent) dosages via
supervisory control schemes. The production rate,
stability, safety and quality indicators are met by
controlling the temperature, volume, conversion, and
MW. In particular, the control of MW is important to
met product quality specifications.
The MW control problem has been the subject of
theoretical, simulation and experimental studies over
the past decades. The state-of-the-art can be seen
elsewhere (Richards and Congalidis, 2006), and here
it suffices to mention that several control approaches
have been employed, including linear PI controllers
(Ellis et al., 1994) as well as nonlinear geometric
(Adebekun and Schork, 1989; Niemiec et al., 2002),
model predictive (MPC) (Mutha et al., 1997), and
calorimetric (Alvarez et al., 2004) control
techniques, including open-loop (Adebekun and
Schork, 1989), extended Kalman filter (EKF) (Ellis
et al., 1994; Mutha et al., 1997), and Luenberger (L)
(Tatiraju et al., 1999) nonlinear observers. Most of
the MW control and/or estimation schemes have
been driven by size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
(Ellis et al., 1994) and gel permeation
chromatography (GPC) (Niemiec et al., 2002)
measurements, which typically involve low sampling
rates and long delays. This feature and the detailed-
model dependency of the control schemes affect the
functioning, and imply complexity, reliability, and
cost drawbacks for industrial applicability.
Recently, based on inversion and feedforward (FF) -
feedback (FB) control ideas, González and Alvarez
(2005) presented a PI-inventory controller that
combines industrial-like linear and decentralized PI
volume and temperature components, with material
balance (MB) monomer and MW controllers. This
scheme is driven by continuous-instantaneous
measurements of volume, temperature and flows,
addresses the complete MIMO control problem
(volume, temperature, conversion and MW), and
regulates the MW with an offset that depends on the
accuracy of the initiator decomposition-chain transfer
model, and with a speed that is about twice faster
than the one of the open-loop response. The same
tasks and results were obtained by a robust control
scheme (Alvarez and González, 2006) drawn from
Preprints Vol.3, June 6-8, 2007, Cancún, Mexico
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