C ORRESPONDENCE
Selective Occlusion of Subfoveal
Choroidal Neovascularization in
Pathologic Myopia Using a New
Technique of Ingrowth Site Treatment
EDITOR:
IN THE ARTICLE BY COSTA AND ASSOCIATES (AM J OPH-
thalmol 2003;135:857– 866), the authors reported success-
ful indocyanine green (ICG)-mediated photothrombosis of
subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patho-
logic myopia by a new technique of ingrowth site treat-
ment. There are, however, several issues that we would like
to address.
First, it has been shown previously that high myopia
associated CNV do exhibit age-dependent biological dif-
ferences with more aggressive behavior and poorer visual
prognosis commonly seen in older patients.
1
In the present
study, five out of six patients (83%) may be reckoned as
younger age group with presumably better visual and
angiographic outcomes with or even without any treat-
ment.
1
Moreover, subfoveal CNV with feeder vessels or
fibrovascular stalks located at juxtafoveal or extrafoveal
areas are known to have a better prognosis.
2
These poten-
tial sources of selection bias may lead to more favorable
outcome observed with the new treatment modality.
Second, dye-enhanced photo thrombosis using a lower
dose of laser energy has been shown experimentally to
dissipate less thermal energy into surrounding retinal
pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina.
3
Neverthe-
less, it should be noted that total laser energy and the laser
irradiance delivered in the present study were 96 times and
50 times more than those offered by photodynamic therapy
(PDT) using verteporfin.
5
Even the low energy level used
in PDT is not without undesirable consequences and
occasional retinal pigment epithelium damages have been
reported.
4
This higher than expected amount of energy
may actually account for the “blanching” phenomenon of
the CNV complex observed during laser application and
the post-procedure hypo fluorescence seen in ICG angiog-
raphy. Accordingly, the treated areas are prone to develop
atrophic scars with late-onset scar creeping, frequently
compromising long term visual function in the second year
after treatment.
5
We are so eager to learn the long term
visual outcomes for those patients.
Third, ICG has only 4% fluorescence efficacy of sodium
fluorescein.
6
Therefore, it may not precisely discern feeder
vessels of myopic CNV that are usually predominantly
classic, small in size, and frequently encroached by thick
layer of hyperplastic retinal pigment epithelium. More-
over, the authors have adopted conventional ICG fundus
camera instead of dynamic videoangiography and scanning
laser ophthalmoscopes. We are interested to know about
the sensitivity of their described method in picking up the
feeder vessels and how many patients have been excluded
from the study because of undetermined feeder vessels.
This piece of information is crucial in evaluating the
effectiveness of any new treatment modality.
DAVID T.L. LIU, MRCS
DENNIS S. C. LAM, FRCS, FRCOPHTH
WAI-MAN CHAN, MRCP, FRCS
Kowloon, Hong Kong
REFERENCES
1. Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K, Ohtake Y, et al. Long-term visual
prognosis of choroidal neovascularization in high myopia: a
comparison between age groups. Ophthalmol 2002;109:712–
719.
2. Chan WM, Lam DSC, Wong TH, et al. Photodynamic
therapy with verteporfin for subfoveal idiopathic choroidal
neovascularization - one-year result from a prospective case
series. Ophthalmology 2003; Forthcoming.
3. Flower RW. Experimental studies of indocyanine green dye-
enhanced photocoagulation of choroidal neovascularization
feeder vessels. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:501–512.
4. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with photody-
namic therapy (TAP) study group. Photodynamic therapy of
subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular
degeneration with verteporfin. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:
1329 –1345.
5. Ruiz-Moreno JM, Montero JA. Long-term visual acuity after
argon green laser photocoagulation of juxtafoveal choroidal
neovascularization in highly myopic eyes. Eur J Ophthalmol
2002;12:117–122.
6. Hayashi K, Hasegawa Y, Tokoro T. Indocyanine green angiog-
raphy of central serous chorioretinopathy. Int Ophthalmol
1986;9:37–41.
AUTHOR REPLY
WE THANK DR. LIU AND ASSOCIATES FOR THEIR INSIGHT-
ful comments about our article on neovascular ingrowth
site photothrombosis as an alternative new treatment for
© 2004 BY ELSEVIER INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 0002-9394/04/$30.00 383