Linguistics 49–5 (2011), 1137–1162 0024–3949/11/0049–1137
DOI 10.1515/LING.2011.031 © Walter de Gruyter
Articulatory constraints on stop insertion
in consonant clusters*
DANIEL RECASENS
Abstract
This study claims that, in contrast with previous proposals in the literature,
essentially all instances of stop epenthesis in two consonant clusters (e.g.,
[ml] > [mbl], [ls] > [lts], [wl] > [wgl]) may be attributed to the articulatory
requirements and aerodynamic constraints involved in the production of the
original cluster. The inserted stop results from the perceptual categorization of
a transitional closure event. Several mechanisms may give rise to this momen-
tary stoppage of air, and to an intraoral pressure rise which causes the stop
burst to become prominent enough so that the emergent stop can be success-
fully perceived. Apparently exceptional cases such as [nl] > [ngl] and [sl] >
[skl] are accounted for through direct epenthesis assuming that [l] is strongly
dark and thus, produced with a back postdorsal constriction. Data on stop
deletion in consonant clusters appear to be in support of this production-based
explanation of stop insertion.
1. Introduction
Phonologists have formulated several explanatory hypotheses in order to ac-
count for stop epenthesis in two consonant clusters. The present investigation
will show that, while making relevant predictions on several regularities about
underlying stop insertion, these proposals fail to explain a good number of
facts. Based on available experimental evidence and on descriptive data from
different languages, the major claim of this paper is that stop epenthesis is trig-
gered by the formation of an oral closure at the boundary between the two
consonants in the cluster which results from the ways in which the articulatory
gestures for the two consonants overlap in time. Consequently, an adequate
understanding of the stop insertion processes occurring in consonant clusters
can only be achieved through an analysis of the articulatory and aerodynamic
mechanisms involved in their production. A central argument of this approach