Solar Phys (2017) 292:160
DOI 10.1007/s11207-017-1182-4
EARTH-AFFECTING SOLAR TRANSIENTS
Characterization of the Complex Ejecta Measured
In Situ on 19 – 22 March 2001 by Six Different Methods
Arian Ojeda-González
1
· Virginia Klausner
1
·
Odim Mendes
2
· Margarete Oliveira Domingues
3
·
Alan Prestes
1
Received: 15 September 2016 / Accepted: 25 September 2017 / Published online: 23 October 2017
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017
Abstract This article proposes some traditional and newly developed methods to evalu-
ate the properties of the magnetic cloud (MC) observed on 19 – 22 March 2001. We used
physical and mathematical approaches to analyze the time series of solar wind plasma and
interplanetary magnetic field data. Two methods that are commonly used to derive the MC
properties, the minimum variance analysis and the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction, were
applied to derive the properties of the MCs by fitting in situ measurements in the corre-
sponding time intervals, as discussed in previous studies. Other methods developed by us
(a travel time analysis of the interplanetary coronal mass ejection, spatio-temporal entropy,
nonlinear fluctuation analysis, and wavelet analysis) are used as auxiliary tools to help iden-
tify whether the event consists of one or possibly two MCs. Our results suggest that the
19 – 22 March 2001 event was composed by two MCs. Our results agree with those of other
Earth-affecting Solar Transients
Guest Editors: Jie Zhang, Xochitl Blanco-Cano, Nariaki Nitta, and Nandita Srivastava
B A. Ojeda-González
ojeda.gonzalez.a@gmail.com
V. Klausner
virginia@univap.br
O. Mendes
odim.mendes@inpe.br
M.O. Domingues
margarete.oliveira.domingues@gmail.com
A. Prestes
prestes@univap.br
1
Physics and Astronomy Laboratory, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba-UNIVAP, São José dos
Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Division of Space Geophysics, National Institute for Space Research, INPE, São José dos Campos,
São Paulo, Brazil
3
Associate Laboratory of Applied Computing and Mathematics, National Institute for Space
Research, INPE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil