Int J Environ Sci Nat Res 24(2): IJESNR.MS.ID.556133 (2020)
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Abstract
Climate change has become a major concern in Africa, where many climate models predict that it will cause among other things; decreasing
rainfall especially in arid areas, warmer temperatures and increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather events. Subsistence farmers
in developing world are unable to cope with such climate variability since they do not have the capital to invest in new adaptive practices. They
are also especially sensitive to climate change since they rely almost entirely on rain- fed agriculture. This study was carried out at Nguumo and
Makindu locations in Makindu sub-county, Makueni County. The main objective of the study was to examine the role of women in agroforestry
technologies as an adaptation strategy to climate change and variability in Makindu and Nguumo locations, Makindu sub county, Makueni County,
Kenya. Information was gathered using Semi- structured questionnaires which had some fixed/closed and open ended questions. Answers
for these questions were gathered through in-depth interviews with respondents, visiting various focused groups and obtaining their views
through discussions and also observations on various farms. Information was generally gathered from both men and women without necessary
targeting the women alone to avoid biased answers. For example women may feel that they carry most of household chores, therefore ignore
the participation of men. Linear regression analysis done to investigate the degree to which women empowerment in and access to agroforestry
technologies help in adapting to climate change and variability was fitted for both locations. Results obtained indicated that there was a positive
and a significant relationship between women empowerment and agroforestry technologies (p<0.05) in Makindu Location and Nguumo
Location. For the empowerment coefficient in Women for Makindu location and increment in women empowerment by one unit increases the
adoption rate by 0.432 units. For the coefficient in Nguumo location an increment of women empowerment by one unit increases the adoption
of agroforestry by 0.232 units. The study recommended enhancement of women capacity to make decisions, access resources equitably and
benefit from development initiatives like agroforestry. The Study concluded that empowering women in their challenges is very critical in women
adoption of agroforestry technologies.
Keywords: Women empowerment; Agroforestry technologies; Climate change
Influence of Women Empowerment on
Adoption of Agroforestry Technologies to
Counter Climate Change and Variability in
Semi-Arid Makueni County, Kenya
Research Article
Volume 24 Issue 2 - April 2020
DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556133
Int J Environ Sci Nat Res
Copyright © All rights are reserved by Kalovoto Damaris M
Kalovoto Damariis M, Kimiti Jacinta M and Manono Bonface O
Department of Environmental Science and Land Resources Management, South Eastern Kenya University, Kenya
Submission: March 24, 2020; Published: April 13, 2020
*Corresponding author: Kalovoto Damaris M, Department of Environmental Science and Land Resources Management, South Eastern Kenya
University, Kenya
Introduction
Since the 1995 women’s conference in Beijing, donors, policy
makers and development practitioners have pointed out the critical
role of gender in development programs [1-7]. There is a general
consensus that gender inequalities in areas such as ownership
and access to resources, land tenure systems, education, extension
and social-cultural factors have contributed to lower agricultural
productivity and higher poverty levels [8]. However, due to their
generally weak position in society and family, women are usually
not included in discussions and decision-making processes
related to climate change or any other issue. Their limited access
to information and resources such as land and credit further
prevents them from developing their capacities in agriculture
although they play a crucial role in food security and agroforestry.
In addition, there is a gender-related bias regarding the value
and usefulness of local knowledge. Women often feel ignored,
overlooked and not taken seriously when they try to make their
contributions and share their knowledge [9]. They are seen as
‘farmwives’ rather than true farmers, and as such as not capable of
producing and sharing valuable knowledge about farming. Society
ignores the value of indigenous knowledge by continuing to view