Surface Science 128 (1983) 197-204 LI97
North-Holland Publishing Company
SURFACE SCIENCE LETTERS
MECHANISMS OF He*(2ts) QUENCHING ON OXYGEN-COVERED
Ni(l I 1) SURFACES
Ferenc BOZSO *, Ciaran P. HANRAHAN, Jose ARIAS, Horia METIU **,
John T. YATES, Jr. * and Richard M. MARTIN
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
Received 15 February 1983
Ni(lll) surfaces exposed to 0.8 L 02 and 3.2 L 02 were studied using He*(21S) metastable
quenching spectroscopy (MQS). The electron spectrum from the fully covered surface (3.2 L O2)
showed that quenching takes place by ionization of the He*(2IS) followed by Auger neutralization
of the ion lather than by Penning ionization as has been observed for other adsorbates. The
chemisorbed oxygen spectrum on a partially covered surface changes with temperature between 90
and 200 K, and this is attributed to a phase transition in the chemisorbed oxygen layer.
Surface metastable quenching spectroscopy (MQS) has been recently used
[1-3] to probe the electronic structure of adsorbed molecular layers. The
method analyzes the kinetic energy distribution of the electrons emitted when
metastable noble gas atoms (e.g. He*(21S)) are deexcited at a surface. So far,
two mechanisms have been documented experimentally [1-3]. In one of them
[4] (resonance ionization + Auger neutralization, RI + AN), an electron is
transferred from the excited atom into an empty resonant orbital of the metal
surface, forming a noble gas ion. This is then Auger neutralized by the surface,
giving a ground state noble gas atom and an electron emitted from the metal.
The kinetic energy distribution of the electrons emitted by the surface is
essentially the same as that obtained in ion neutralization spectroscopy (INS)
[5]. This quenching mechanism has been found [1-3] to be dominant when the
metastable collides wi~h a clean metal surface whose work function is larger
than the ionization potential of the metastable.
If the surface is covered with adsorbed molecules, the quenching mechanism
is usually different. The metastable induces Penning ionization of the ad-
sorbate [6]. The kinetic energy distribution of the Penning electrons gives
* Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, USA.
** Alfred P. Sloan Fellow and Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar.
0039-6028/83/0000-0000/$03.00 © 1983 North-Holland